Introduction: Pumpkin seeds, also known as pepitas, are small, flat, green seeds found inside pumpkins. They are a popular snack and ingredient in various cuisines around the world. Rich in essential nutrients, pumpkin seeds are an excellent source of protein, healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidants. They also contain important minerals like magnesium, zinc, and iron. Consuming pumpkin seeds may support heart health, improve sleep, and boost the immune system. These seeds can be eaten raw, roasted, or added to dishes like salads, granola, or baked goods. Their mild, nutty flavour makes them a versatile addition to many meals. In traditional medicine, they’ve been used to treat a variety of ailments. Pumpkin seeds are not only nutritious but also easy to store and enjoy year-round. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to compile and analyse existing scientific literature on the phytochemical composition, nutritional value, and therapeutic potential of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) seeds and also to highlight gaps in current research and suggest future directions for in-depth studies on pumpkin seed bioactivity and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Keywords and phrases used included: “pumpkin seeds,” “Cucurbita spp.,” “phytochemistry,” “nutritional value,” “bioactive compounds,” “therapeutic potential,” “medicinal properties,” and “functional food.” Results: The review revealed that pumpkin seeds are rich in diverse phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, sterols, squalene, and tocopherols, which contribute to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nutritional analysis across multiple studies showed that pumpkin seeds are an excellent source of plant-based protein, healthy fats (particularly unsaturated fatty acids), dietary fiber, and essential minerals such as magnesium, zinc, iron, and phosphorus. Discussion: The therapeutic potential of the seeds is supported by evidence indicating antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antihyperglycemic, cardioprotective, and prostate health-promoting effects. Furthermore, traditional uses in folk medicine for treating urinary disorders and intestinal parasites were validated by several pharmacological studies. The results suggest that pumpkin seeds have significant potential as a functional food and natural therapeutic agent, though further clinical research is needed to confirm long-term health benefits and safety. Conclusion: In conclusion, pumpkin seeds have significant promise as a functional food and nutraceutical ingredient. However, more standardized, large-scale clinical studies are needed to fully establish their therapeutic efficacy, optimal dosages, and long-term safety. Promoting their inclusion in the human diet could contribute meaningfully to preventive healthcare and nutrition-based wellness strategies.