Rotational disruption of asteroids is a crucial dynamical phenomenon in astrophysics. It occurs when an asteroid accelerates its rotation or increases its angular momentum, causing it to break apart or fragment due to its own gravity and material strength being unable to maintain its overall structure. Based on this physical mechanism, this paper proposes a novel heuristic optimization algorithm, the Asteroid Rotational Disruption Optimization (ARDO), which incorporates a unique multi-scale local fragmentation mechanism, cross-asteroid angular momentum transfer, and a dynamic critical rotation threshold mechanism to achieve a balance between global exploration and local optimization for complex optimization problems. The article details the algorithm's mathematical model, dynamic mechanism, search strategy, and iterative process. The computational methods for each step are presented in plain text formulas, providing new insights and inspiration for optimization algorithm design.