Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Datacite
versions View all 2 versions
addClaim

Typologie de l'expertise contemporaine en contexte : productifs, capitalisateurs et auto-institués

Authors: Vivier, Philippe;

Typologie de l'expertise contemporaine en contexte : productifs, capitalisateurs et auto-institués

Abstract

L’autorité intellectuelle ne se joue plus uniquement dans les enceintes académiques ou institutionnelles. Collins et Evans en 2002, dans The Third Wave of Science Studies, ont proposé une distinction décisive entre « contributory expertise » et « interactional expertise ». Si ce cadre a ouvert la voie à une meilleure compréhension des formes d’expertise au-delà de la certification académique, il était nécessaire de saisir l’émergence contemporaine de figures hybrides issues des espaces médiatiques et numériques que le grand public consacre. Les controverses récentes montrent que l’autorité circule, se fragmente et se redéfinit, y compris à travers les médias, plateformes numériques et arènes militantes. Ce travail propose d’identifier trois figures aujourd’hui centrales. L’expert capitalisateur, dont l’autorité repose sur l’accumulation de titres, de publications et de capital symbolique. L’expert productif, qui fonde sa légitimité sur la production continue et l’actualisation de savoirs, porteuse de cadres analytiques actualisés. L’expert auto-institué, enfin, qui s’impose par la visibilité médiatique ou algorithmique plus que par les circuits de consécration traditionnels. Au-delà de cette typologie, l’analyse met en évidence les mécanismes de circulation, les hybridations et les déplacements de légitimité. Les métriques numériques (abonnés, vues, partages) produisent des hiérarchies inédites, parfois en rupture avec les filtres académiques. Les publics, à travers leurs attentes d’authenticité, de sécurité et d’exigence, mais aussi leurs besoins émotionnels différenciés d’identification, de reconnaissance et de confiance, deviennent des acteurs à part entière de la robustesse ou de la fragilité de ces figures. Enfin, l’étude s’attarde sur les pratiques de disqualification : étiquetages (« semi-intellectuel », « pseudo-expert »), requalifications morales de la critique, asymétries qui enferment l’expert dans une double contrainte. L’expertise contemporaine apparaît ainsi comme un champ traversé de luttes symboliques et affectives, où se redéfinit la possibilité même de la pensée critique.

Intellectual authority no longer operates solely within academic or institutional arenas. Collins and Evans, in their 2002 article The Third Wave of Science Studies (Social Studies of Science), proposed a decisive distinction between “contributory expertise” and “interactional expertise.” While this framework paved the way for a better understanding of expertise beyond academic certification, it no longer captures the contemporary emergence of hybrid figures arising from media and digital spaces, consecrated today by the general public. Recent controversies show that authority circulates, fragments, and redefines itself across media, digital platforms, and activist arenas. This study identifies three central figures. The capital-accumulating expert, whose authority rests on the accumulation and maintenance of titles, publications, and symbolic capital. The productive expert, who bases legitimacy on the continuous production and updating of knowledge, generating renewed analytical frameworks. Finally, the self-appointed expert, who emerges through media or algorithmic visibility rather than through traditional circuits of consecration. Beyond this typology, the analysis highlights mechanisms of circulation, hybridization, and shifting legitimacy. Digital metrics (followers, views, shares) produce unprecedented hierarchies, sometimes diverging from academic filters. Publics, through their expectations of authenticity, security, and rigor, as well as their differentiated emotional needs for identification, recognition, and trust, become decisive actors in the robustness or fragility of these figures. Finally, the study examines practices of disqualification: labeling (“pseudo-expert,” “semi-intellectual”), moral reframing of criticism, and asymmetries that trap experts in double binds. Contemporary expertise thus appears as a field traversed by symbolic and affective struggles, where the very possibility of critical thought is at stake.

Keywords

symbolic capital, capital symbolique, expertise, autorité, authority

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average