Abstract: Climate change, desertification, and rapid urbanization are driving an increase in thefrequency and severity of sandstorms in the Middle East, making an important contribution toatmospheric particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and posing threats to public and occupationalhealth. This paper reviews evidence from peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and healthdatabases on the health impacts of sandstorm-associated pollution and the effectiveness ofinterventions to reduce them. The focus is on respiratory, cardiovascular, and psychosocialhealth outcomes, and current strategies are assessed, including early-warning systems, personalprotective equipment (PPE), and occupational safety and health (OSH) frameworks. Resultsshow consistent associations between sandstorm events and increased rates of hospitaladmissions, occupational injuries, and lost productivity, with a particular impact on outdoorworkers and at-risk populations. Nevertheless, regional responses to the health risks ofsandstorms are inconsistent and often fragmented, with low levels of public awareness andpreparedness, sporadic use of PPE, and weak enforcement of OSH standards. Recommendationsfor research and practice are provided to inform more integrated, cross-sectorial approaches toreduce health risks and build resilience to sandstorms in affected regions.