We collected main stem or branch cross-sections of 188 angiosperm woody species, which represent a wide range of climates and diverse families. Measurements of xylem vessel and phloem sieve element diameter, density, and lumen fraction were used in phylogenetic structural equation models to disentangle internal and climatic constraints on their morphological and anatomical features.

The dataset contains: i) the data that were analysed to produce all statistics and figures that appear in the paper. ii) 83 trees with 188 tips, accounting for different topological uncertainties in unresolved species, pruned from Forest (2023) Forest F. 2023. Species-level phylogenetic trees of all angiosperm species (100 trees). doi:10.5281/zenodo.7600341