Dataset of measurements of the soil temperature and thermal gradients at Le Biancane (geothermal field of Larderello-Travale, Tuscany, Italy) in September 2023. The dataset is structured as follows: Column A is the progressive number of the point (#); Column B is the Identifier of the poiin (ID) Column C is Longitude of the point, datum WGS 1984; Column D is the Latitude of the point, datum WGS 1984; Column E is the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Longitude coordinate, datum WGS 1984, zone 32N; Column F is the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Latitude coordinate, datum WGS 1984, zone 32N; Column G is the soil brightness temperature by IR Camera, in °C; Column H is the soil temperature by K thermocouple, in °C; Column I is the soil thermal gradient, in °C/m (degrees Celsius per meter); Column J is the date (dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm)