ABSTRACT Infectious diseases caused 13.2 million deaths in 2023, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) contributing 1.3 million deaths annually and posing a $100 trillion economic threat by 2050. This review explores advancements in infectious diseases pharmacology, including AMR mechanisms, novel therapeutics, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), antimicrobial stewardship, genomic surveillance, artificial intelligence (AI) in drug discovery, global health policies, pandemic preparedness, vaccine development, One Health approaches, and clinical case studies. Innovations like cefiderocol, mRNA vaccines, bacteriophage therapies, and AI-driven drug design, supported by clinical trials, address resistant pathogens. Images of diseases like tuberculosis, Candida auris, and MRSA, integrated within relevant sections, enhance clinical understanding. Integrated strategies are vital to combat AMR and improve global health. Keywords: Infectious diseases, Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Pharmacology, Novel therapeutics, Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), Artificial intelligence (AI), Antimicrobial stewardship, Vaccine development, Genomic surveillance, One Health.