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Other literature type . 2025
License: CC BY
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Research . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Research . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Auditoría crítica de la predicción en ciencia política: Un análisis ex-ante de encuestas y modelos de pronóstico

Authors: Fernández Salguero, Ricardo Alonzo;

Auditoría crítica de la predicción en ciencia política: Un análisis ex-ante de encuestas y modelos de pronóstico

Abstract

El presente documento emprende una auditoría escéptica de un corpus diverso de pronósticos en ciencia política, abarcando desde encuestas preelectorales en América Latina hasta modelos cuantitativos de predicción de conflictos. Utilizando un marco de evaluación, inspirado en los criterios de demarcación de Popper, los programas de investigación de Lakatos y la calibración bayesiana, se analiza la robustez, transparencia y sostenibilidad epistemológica de estas predicciones. Se evalúa la brecha existente entre las prácticas de pronóstico actuales y los estándares de una ciencia predictiva. Los hallazgos revelan deficiencias sistémicas en el diseño ex-ante, el uso de métricas de desempeño inadecuadas, validaciones temporales débiles y una falta generalizada de comparación con baselines robustos. Se concluye que, si bien los modelos académicos más sofisticados muestran avances, una gran parte del campo, especialmente las encuestas electorales comerciales, opera en un estado programático más degenerativo que progresivo, fallando en cumplir los criterios mínimos para la falsabilidad y la acumulación de conocimiento fiable.

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green