This dataset contains the research data from two studies (Study 1 with members of the general public, N = 99; Study 2 with medical students, N = 69) reported in the following conference paper: Rago, A., Pálfi, B., Sukpanichnant, P., Vivek, K., Nabli, H., Kostopoulou, O., Kinross, J., & Toni, F. (Accepted). Exploring the Effect of Explanation Content and Format on User Comprehension and Trust in Healthcare. 14th Conference on Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems (PAIS 2025). Preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.17401. All data are fully anonymized and comply with institutional ethical guidelines. For each study, two datasets are provided: (1) the processed and cleaned experimental data in long format by hypothetical scenario (test), and (2) the remaining research data in wide format (pre-test). A README file is included, providing detailed information about all measured variables.