Introduction Data Review and Archive Data review and archiving can be a time-consuming process, especially when done manually. This review report aims to help facilitate both activities. It automates the archiving of datasets, including Darwin Core archives, and is a citable backup of a version of the dataset. Additionally, an automatic review of species interaction claims made in the dataset is generated and registered with Global Biotic Interactions (J. H. Poelen, Simons, and Mungall 2014). This review includes summary statistics about, and observations about, the dataset under review : Alabama Museum of Natural History Invertebrate Zoology (Arctos) - Version 1.34 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=almnh_inv 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Angelo State Natural History Collections (ASNHC) Bird specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.66 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=asnhc_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Angelo State Natural History Collections (ASNHC) Mammal specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.64 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=asnhc_mamm 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Austin Peay State University Amphibian and Reptile Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.30 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=apsu_herp 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Austin Peay State University Fish Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.30 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=apsu_fish 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Brigham Young University (BYU) Herpetology Collection (Arctos) - Version 3.25 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=byu_herps 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z CHAS Botany Collection (Arctos) - Version 13.99 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=chas_herb 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z CHAS Entomology Collection (Arctos) - Version 13.99 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=chas_ento 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z CHAS Malacology Collection (Arctos) - Version 13.100 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=chas_inv 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z CHAS Mammalogy Collection (Arctos) - Version 13.96 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=chas_mammals 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z CHAS Oology Collection (Arctos) - Version 14.98 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=chas_eggsnest 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z CHAS Ornithology (Arctos) - Version 2.96 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=chas_birds 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z KWP Lepidoptera Collection (Arctos) - Version 1.99 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=kwp_lepidoptera 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MSB Amphibian and Reptile Collection (Arctos) - Version 1.94 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=msb_herp 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MSB Bird Collection (Arctos) - Version 35.98 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=msb_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MSB Fish Collection (Arctos) - Version 1.81 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=msb_fish 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MSB Mammal Collection (Arctos) - Version 35.100 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=msb_mamm 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MSB Parasite Collection (Arctos) - Version 32.98 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=msb_para 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MVZ Bird Collection (Arctos) - Version 43.96 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=mvz_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MVZ Bird Observations (Arctos) - Version 34.104 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=mvzobs_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MVZ Egg and Nest Collection (Arctos) - Version 37.100 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=mvz_egg 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MVZ Herp Collection (Arctos) - Version 36.96 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=mvz_herp 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MVZ Herp Observations (Arctos) - Version 37.100 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=mvzobs_herp 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z MVZ Mammal Collection (Arctos) - Version 35.97 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=mvz_mammal 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Northern Michigan University (NMU) Bird specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.92 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=nmu_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Northern Michigan University (NMU) Mammal Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.95 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=nmu_mamm 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Northern Michigan University (NMU) Parasite specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.21 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=nmu_para 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Ohio Wesleyan University Amphibian Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.42 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=owu_amph 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Ohio Wesleyan University Bird Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.46 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=owu_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Ohio Wesleyan University Fish Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.46 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=owu_fish 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Ohio Wesleyan University Invertebrate Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.46 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=owu_inv 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Ohio Wesleyan University Parasite Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.50 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=owu_para 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Ohio Wesleyan University Reptile Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.45 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=owu_rept 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z TEST_MSB Mammal Collection (Arctos)_TEST - Version 35.107 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=test_ggbn_msbmamm_test 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Trinity College Dublin Geological Museum Paleontology specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.26 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=tcdgm_paleo 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Bird Collection (Arctos) - Version 31.97 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uam_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Earth Sciences Collection (Arctos) - Version 31.102 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uam_es 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Fish Collection (Arctos) - Version 34.99 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uam_fish 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Herbarium (ALA), Algae Collection (Arctos) - Version 8.100 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uam_alg 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Herbarium (ALA), Cryptogam Collection (Arctos) - Version 33.99 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uamb_herb_cryptogam 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Herbarium (ALA), Vascular Plant Collection (Arctos) - Version 38.99 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uam_herb_vascular 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Herpetology Collection (Arctos) - Version 31.100 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uam_herp 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Insect Collection (Arctos) - Version 39.100 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uam_ento 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Insect Observations (Arctos) - Version 36.98 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uamobs_ento 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Mammal Collection (Arctos) - Version 34.96 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uam_mamm 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UAM Mammal Observations (Arctos) - Version 31.100 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uamobs_mamm 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z UCM Parasite Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.10 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=ucm_para 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z University of Montana Zoological Museum (UMZM) Bird Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.28 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=umzm_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z University of Montana Zoological Museum (UMZM) Mammal Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.26 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=umzm_mamm 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Amphibian and Reptile Specimens (Arctos) - Version 10.25 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=unr_herps 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Bird specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.24 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=unr_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Mammal Specimens (Arctos) - Version 4.23 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=unr_mammals 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z University of North Carolina Greensboro Mammal Collection (Arctos) - Version 1.35 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=uncg_mamm 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z Washington State University, Charles R. Conner Museum Bird Specimens (Arctos) - Version 1.20 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=crcm_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z WNMU Bird Collection (Arctos) - Version 31.99 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=wnmu_bird 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z WNMU Mammal Collection (Arctos) - Version 32.99 https://ipt.vertnet.org/archive.do?r=wnmu_mamm 2025-08-16T07:43:51.177Z hash://md5/62dbc1d1d0428aa8141e7ef4c5a90f28 For additional metadata related to this dataset, please visit https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/vertnet and inspect associated metadata files including, but not limited to, README.md, eml.xml, and/or globi.json. Methods The review is performed through programmatic scripts that leverage tools like Preston (Elliott et al. 2025), Elton (Kuhn, Poelen, and Leinweber 2025), Nomer (Salim and Poelen 2025), globinizer (J. Poelen, Seltmann, and Mietchen 2024) combined with third-party tools like grep, mlr, tail and head. Tools used in this review process tool name version preston 0.10.1 elton 0.15.13 nomer 0.5.17 globinizer 0.4.0 mlr 6.0.0 jq 1.6 yq 4.25.3 pandoc 3.1.6.1 duckdb 1.3.1 The review process can be described in the form of the script below 1. # get versioned copy of the dataset (size approx. 2.58GiB) under review elton pull globalbioticinteractions/vertnet # generate review notes elton review globalbioticinteractions/vertnet\ > review.tsv # export indexed interaction records elton interactions globalbioticinteractions/vertnet\ > interactions.tsv # export names and align them with the Catalogue of Life using Nomer elton names globalbioticinteractions/vertnet\ | nomer append col\ > name-alignment.tsv or visually, in a process diagram. Review Process Overview You can find a copy of the full review script at check-data.sh. See also GitHub and Codeberg. Results In the following sections, the results of the review are summarized 2. Then, links to the detailed review reports are provided. Files The following files are produced in this review: filename description biblio.bib list of bibliographic reference of this review check-dataset.sh data review workflow/process as expressed in a bash script data.zip a versioned archive of the data under review HEAD the digital signature of the data under review index.docx review in MS Word format index.html review in HTML format index.md review in Pandoc markdown format index.pdf review in PDF format indexed-citations.csv.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interaction claims in gzipped comma-separated values file format indexed-citations.html.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interactions claims in gzipped html file format indexed-citations.tsv.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interaction claims in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-interactions-col-family-col-family.svg network diagram showing the taxon family to taxon family interaction claims in the dataset under review as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life via Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) indexed-interactions-col-kingdom-col-kingdom.svg network diagram showing the taxon kingdom to taxon kingom interaction claims in the dataset under review as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life via Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) indexed-interactions.csv.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-interactions.html.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped html format indexed-interactions.tsv.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-interactions.parquet species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in Apache Parquet format indexed-interactions-sample.csv list of species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-interactions-sample.html first 500 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in html format indexed-interactions-sample.tsv first 500 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in tab-separated values format indexed-names.csv.gz taxonomic names indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in gzipped html format indexed-names.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-col.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-col.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-col.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-col.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-gbif.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-gbif.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-gbif.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-gbif.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-itis.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-itis.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-itis.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-itis.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-mdd.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-mdd.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-mdd.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-mdd.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-tpt.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-tpt.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-tpt.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-tpt.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-wfo.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-wfo.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-wfo.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-wfo.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-resolved-worms.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-worms.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-worms.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-worms.parquet taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in Apache Parquet format indexed-names-sample.csv first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in comma-separated values format indexed-names-sample.html first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in html format indexed-names-sample.tsv first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in tab-separated values format interaction.svg diagram summarizing the data model used to index species interaction claims nanopub-sample.trig first 500 species interaction claims as expressed in the nanopub format (Kuhn and Dumontier 2014) nanopub.trig.gz species interaction claims as expressed in the nanopub format (Kuhn and Dumontier 2014) process.svg diagram summarizing the data review processing workflow prov.nq origin of the dataset under review as expressed in rdf/nquads review.csv.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format review.html.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped html format review.tsv.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format review-sample.csv first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in comma-separated values format review-sample.html first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in html format review-sample.tsv first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in tab-separated values format review.svg a review badge generated as part of the dataset review process zenodo.json metadata of this review expressed in Zenodo record metadata Archived Dataset Note that data.zip file in this archive contains the complete, unmodified archived dataset under review. Biotic Interactions Biotic Interaction Data Model In this review, biotic interactions (or biotic associations) are modeled as a primary (aka subject, source) organism interacting with an associate (aka object, target) organism. The dataset under review classified the primary/associate organisms with specific taxa. The primary and associate organisms The kind of interaction is documented as an interaction type. The dataset under review, named globalbioticinteractions/vertnet, has fingerprint hash://md5/62dbc1d1d0428aa8141e7ef4c5a90f28, is 2.58GiB in size and contains 220,722 interactions with 10 unique types of associations (e.g., parasiteOf) between 8,199 primary taxa (e.g., Arthropoda) and 30,858 associated taxa (e.g., Acari). An exhaustive list of indexed interaction claims can be found in gzipped csv, tsv and parquet archives. To facilitate discovery, a preview of claims available in the gzipped html page at indexed-interactions.html.gz are shown below. The exhaustive list was used to create the following data summaries below. Sample of Indexed Interaction Claims sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName referenceCitation Tamias minimus hasParasite https://arctos.database.museum/guid/UNCG:Para:672 https://arctos.database.museum/guid/UNCG:Mamm:1110 Peromyscus maniculatus hasParasite https://arctos.database.museum/guid/UNCG:Para:439 https://arctos.database.museum/guid/UNCG:Mamm:1086 Peromyscus maniculatus hasParasite https://arctos.database.museum/guid/UNCG:Para:660 https://arctos.database.museum/guid/UNCG:Mamm:1086 Peromyscus maniculatus hasParasite https://arctos.database.museum/guid/UNCG:Para:665 https://arctos.database.museum/guid/UNCG:Mamm:1091 Most Frequently Mentioned Interaction Types (up to 20 most frequent) interactionTypeName count parasiteOf 70180 hasParasite 69537 interactsWith 40209 adjacentTo 24128 coOccursWith 9627 hasHost 4546 killedBy 2111 eats 330 eatenBy 50 visits 4 Most Frequently Mentioned Primary Taxa (up to 20 most frequent) sourceTaxonName count Arthropoda 14613 Acari 7119 Siphonaptera 6250 Peromyscus maniculatus 6186 Myodes rutilus 5969 Dipodomys merriami 5488 Peromyscus leucopus 3336 Cestoda 2935 Myodes gapperi 2575 Bombus melanopygus 2492 Nematoda 2314 Peromyscus keeni 2265 Microtus pennsylvanicus 2144 Dipodomys ordii 2133 Ochotona princeps 2115 Sorex cinereus 1913 Taenia 1869 Microtus oeconomus 1850 Phthiraptera 1754 Most Frequently Mentioned Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent) targetTaxonName count Acari 10414 Siphonaptera 8734 Arthropoda 8690 Myodes rutilus 6265 Ixodida 3051 Peromyscus keeni 2852 Dipodomys merriami 2734 Phthiraptera 2605 Microtus oeconomus 2290 Peromyscus maniculatus 2279 Nematoda 2196 Sorex cinereus 2087 Chamerion angustifolium 1857 Cestoda 1597 Mastophorus dipodomis 1563 Microtus pennsylvanicus 1445 Heteromyoxyuris deserti 1432 Hoplopleura arboricola 1310 Chamerion 1294 Most Frequent Interactions between Primary and Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent) sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName count Arthropoda parasiteOf Myodes rutilus 3275 Arthropoda parasiteOf Peromyscus keeni 2166 Peromyscus maniculatus hasParasite Siphonaptera 1774 Myodes rutilus hasParasite Arthropoda 1693 Arthropoda parasiteOf Microtus oeconomus 1626 Arthropoda parasiteOf Sorex cinereus 1099 Peromyscus keeni hasParasite Arthropoda 1083 Siphonaptera parasiteOf Peromyscus maniculatus 924 Dipodomys merriami hasParasite Mastophorus dipodomis 882 Arthropoda parasiteOf Sorex monticolus 867 Dipodomys merriami hasParasite Eimeria chobotari 858 Microtus oeconomus hasParasite Arthropoda 816 Myodes rutilus hasParasite Polyplax borealis 813 Ochotona princeps hasParasite Ctenophyllus armatus 765 Myodes rutilus hasParasite Acari 689 Dipodomys merriami hasParasite Pterygodermatites dipodomis 664 Polyplax borealis parasiteOf Myodes rutilus 663 Bombus melanopygus adjacentTo clover 636 Arthropoda parasiteOf Microtus pennsylvanicus 613 Interaction Networks The figures below provide a graph view on the dataset under review. The first shows a summary network on the kingdom level, and the second shows how interactions on the family level. It is important to note that both network graphs were first aligned taxonomically using the Catalogue of Life. Please refer to the original (or verbatim) taxonomic names for a more original view on the interaction data. Interactions on taxonomic kingdom rank as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life download svg Interactions on the taxonomic family rank as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life. download svg You can download the indexed dataset under review at indexed-interactions.csv.gz. A tab-separated file can be found at indexed-interactions.tsv.gz Learn more about the structure of this download at GloBI website, by opening a GitHub issue, or by sending an email. Another way to discover the dataset under review is by searching for it on the GloBI website. Taxonomic Alignment As part of the review, all names are aligned against various name catalogs (e.g., col, ncbi, discoverlife, gbif, itis, wfo, mdd, tpt, pbdb, and worms). These alignments can help review name usage or aid in selecting of a suitable taxonomic name resource. Sample of Name Alignments providedName relationName resolvedCatalogName resolvedName Slope NONE col Slope Rock NONE col Rock Diameter rock edge NONE col Diameter rock edge Diameter mossy rock NONE col Diameter mossy rock Distribution of Taxonomic Ranks of Aligned Names by Catalog. Names that were not aligned with a catalog are counted as NAs. So, the total number of unaligned names for a catalog will be listed in their NA row. resolvedCatalogName resolvedRank count col NA 9027 col class 15 col family 177 col genus 832 col infraorder 1 col kingdom 3 col nanorder 2 col order 34 col parvorder 1 col phylum 7 col section 1 col species 5223 col subclass 4 col subfamily 5 col subgenus 21 col suborder 1 col subphylum 1 col subspecies 589 col superfamily 14 col superorder 2 col tribe 2 col unranked 1 col variety 33 discoverlife NA 15838 discoverlife species 53 gbif NA 8249 gbif class 17 gbif family 190 gbif form 17 gbif genus 962 gbif kingdom 3 gbif order 30 gbif phylum 8 gbif species 5794 gbif subspecies 708 gbif variety 137 itis NA 9388 itis class 16 itis division 2 itis family 168 itis genus 716 itis infraorder 1 itis kingdom 3 itis order 39 itis phylum 8 itis species 4775 itis subclass 8 itis subfamily 9 itis subgenus 1 itis suborder 7 itis subphylum 3 itis subspecies 668 itis superfamily 7 itis superorder 3 itis tribe 1 itis variety 81 mdd NA 15890 ncbi NA 9384 ncbi clade 2 ncbi class 17 ncbi cohort 1 ncbi family 183 ncbi genus 864 ncbi infraorder 3 ncbi kingdom 2 ncbi order 34 ncbi phylum 8 ncbi species 5120 ncbi subclass 8 ncbi subfamily 15 ncbi subgenus 18 ncbi suborder 6 ncbi subphylum 2 ncbi subspecies 213 ncbi superfamily 15 ncbi superorder 3 ncbi tribe 1 ncbi varietas 14 pbdb NA 14475 pbdb class 17 pbdb family 130 pbdb genus 338 pbdb informal 1 pbdb infraclass 1 pbdb kingdom 3 pbdb order 32 pbdb phylum 9 pbdb species 840 pbdb subclass 3 pbdb subfamily 18 pbdb suborder 8 pbdb subspecies 11 pbdb subtribe 1 pbdb superclass 1 pbdb superfamily 9 pbdb superorder 3 pbdb superphylum 1 pbdb tribe 2 pbdb unranked clade 8 tpt NA 14621 tpt family 3 tpt genus 63 tpt order 2 tpt species 1201 wfo NA 13387 wfo family 11 wfo genus 308 wfo phylum 1 wfo species 2113 wfo subsection 1 wfo subspecies 73 wfo variety 26 worms NA 13517 worms class 16 worms family 160 worms genus 527 worms infraorder 1 worms kingdom 3 worms order 35 worms phylum 6 worms phylum (division) 1 worms species 1556 worms subclass 6 worms subfamily 4 worms subgenus 1 worms suborder 5 worms subphylum 2 worms subspecies 47 worms superfamily 12 worms superorder 2 worms variety 11 Name relationship types per catalog. Name relationship type "NONE" means that a name was not recognized by the associated catalog. "SAME_AS" indicates either a "HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME" or "SYNONYM_OF" name relationship type. We recognize that "SYNONYM_OF" encompasses many types of nomenclatural synonymies resolvedCatalogName relationName count col NONE 29591 col HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 11497 col SYNONYM_OF 2862 discoverlife NONE 44426 discoverlife HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 106 discoverlife SYNONYM_OF 24 discoverlife HOMONYM_OF 10 gbif NONE 28403 gbif HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 14114 gbif SYNONYM_OF 4856 itis NONE 30353 itis HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 10761 itis SYNONYM_OF 1613 mdd NONE 40641 mdd HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 1714 mdd SYNONYM_OF 16 ncbi NONE 32065 ncbi SAME_AS 11578 ncbi SYNONYM_OF 1000 ncbi COMMON_NAME_OF 12 pbdb NONE 38688 pbdb HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 3600 pbdb SYNONYM_OF 260 tpt NONE 38809 tpt HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 3639 tpt SYNONYM_OF 195 wfo NONE 37995 wfo SYNONYM_OF 1114 wfo HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 3754 wfo HAS_UNCHECKED_NAME 406 worms NONE 37878 worms HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 4323 worms SYNONYM_OF 630 List of Available Name Alignment Reports catalog name alignment results col associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) ncbi associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) discoverlife associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) gbif associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) itis associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) wfo associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) mdd associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) tpt associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) pbdb associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) worms associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) Additional Reviews Elton, Nomer, and other tools may have difficulties interpreting existing species interaction datasets. Or, they may misbehave, or otherwise show unexpected behavior. As part of the review process, detailed review notes are kept that document possibly misbehaving, or confused, review bots. An sample of review notes associated with this review can be found below. First few lines in the review notes. reviewDate reviewCommentType reviewComment 2025-08-16T18:45:31Z note found unresolved reference [008f0ec3-68fd-4051-b53e-13b594a29545] 2025-08-16T18:45:31Z note found unresolved reference [00b8b626-b09e-4bc8-a2d2-7235f7382605] 2025-08-16T18:45:31Z note found unresolved reference [010ee0ec-986c-4b11-a2a6-03a1b048f205] 2025-08-16T18:45:31Z note found unresolved reference [0295a4c0-1227-4520-b786-34793eec7e1b] In addition, you can find the most frequently occurring notes in the table below. Most frequently occurring review notes, if any. reviewComment count found unresolved reference [008f0ec3-68fd-4051-b53e-13b594a29545] 1 found unresolved reference [00b8b626-b09e-4bc8-a2d2-7235f7382605] 1 found unresolved reference [010ee0ec-986c-4b11-a2a6-03a1b048f205] 1 found unresolved reference [0295a4c0-1227-4520-b786-34793eec7e1b] 1 For additional information on review notes, please have a look at the first 500 Review Notes in html format or the download full gzipped csv or tsv archives. GloBI Review Badge As part of the review, a review badge is generated. This review badge can be included in webpages to indicate the review status of the dataset under review. Picture of a GloBI Review Badge 3 Note that if the badge is green, no review notes were generated. If the badge is yellow, the review bots may need some help with interpreting the species interaction data. GloBI Index Badge If the dataset under review has been registered with GloBI, and has been succesfully indexed by GloBI, the GloBI Index Status Badge will turn green. This means that the dataset under review was indexed by GloBI and is available through GloBI services and derived data products. Picture of a GloBI Index Badge 4 If you'd like to keep track of reviews or index status of the dataset under review, please visit GloBI's dataset index 5 for badge examples. Discussion This review and archive provides a means of creating citable versions of datasets that change frequently. This may be useful for dataset managers, including natural history collection data managers, as a backup archive of a shared Darwin Core archive. It also serves as a means of creating a trackable citation for the dataset in an automated way, while also including some information about the contents of the dataset. This review aims to provide a perspective on the dataset to aid in understanding of species interaction claims discovered. However, it is important to note that this review does not assess the quality of the dataset. Instead, it serves as an indication of the open-ness6 and FAIRness (Wilkinson et al. 2016; Trekels et al. 2023) of the dataset: to perform this review, the data was likely openly available, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. The current Open-FAIR assessment is qualitative, and a more quantitative approach can be implemented with specified measurement units. This report also showcases the reuse of machine-actionable (meta)data, something highly recommended by the FAIR Data Principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016). Making (meta)data machine-actionable enables more precise procesing by computers, enabling even naive review bots like Nomer and Elton to interpret the data effectively. This capability is crucial for not just automating the generation of reports, but also for facilitating seamless data exchanges, promoting interoperability. Acknowledgements We thank the many humans that created us and those who created and maintained the data, software and other intellectual resources that were used for producing this review. In addition, we are grateful for the natural resources providing the basis for these human and bot activities. Also, thanks to https://github.com/zygoballus for helping improve the layout of the review tables. Author contributions Nomer was responsible for name alignments. Elton carried out dataset extraction, and generated the review notes. Preston tracked, versioned, and packaged, the dataset under review. References Elliott, Michael, Jorrit Poelen, Icaro Alzuru, Emilio Berti, and partha04patel. 2025. "Bio-Guoda/Preston: 0.10.5." Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14662206. ICZN. 1999. "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature." The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/. Kuhn, Tobias, and Michel Dumontier. 2014. "Trusty URIs: Verifiable, Immutable, and Permanent Digital Artifacts for Linked Data." In The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges, edited by Valentina Presutti, Claudia d'Amato, Fabien Gandon, Mathieu d'Aquin, Steffen Staab, and Anna Tordai, 395–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Kuhn, Tobias, Jorrit Poelen, and Katrin Leinweber. 2025. "Globalbioticinteractions/Elton: 0.15.1." Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14927734. Poelen, Jorrit H. (ed.). 2024. "Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources Hash://Sha256/ B60c0d25a16ae77b24305782017b1a270b79b5d1746f832650 F2027ba536e276 Hash://Md5/17f1363a277ee0e4ecaf1b91c665e47e." Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12695629. Poelen, Jorrit H., James D. Simons, and Chris J. Mungall. 2014. "Global Biotic Interactions: An Open Infrastructure to Share and Analyze Species-Interaction Datasets." Ecological Informatics 24 (November): 148–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005. Poelen, Jorrit, Katja Seltmann, and Daniel Mietchen. 2024. "Globalbioticinteractions/Globinizer: 0.4.0." Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10647565. Salim, José Augusto, and Jorrit Poelen. 2025. "Globalbioticinteractions/Nomer: 0.5.15." Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14893840. Trekels, Maarten, Debora Pignatari Drucker, José Augusto Salim, Jeff Ollerton, Jorrit Poelen, Filipi Miranda Soares, Max Rünzel, Muo Kasina, Quentin Groom, and Mariano Devoto. 2023. "WorldFAIR Project (D10.1) Agriculture-related pollinator data standards use cases report." Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8176978. Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, et al. 2016. "The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship." Scientific Data 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18. Note that you have to first get the data (e.g., via elton pull globalbioticinteractions/vertnet) before being able to generate reviews (e.g., elton review globalbioticinteractions/vertnet), extract interaction claims (e.g., elton interactions globalbioticinteractions/vertnet), or list taxonomic names (e.g., elton names globalbioticinteractions/vertnet)↩︎ Disclaimer: The results in this review should be considered friendly, yet naive, notes from an unsophisticated robot. Please keep that in mind when considering the review results.↩︎ Up-to-date status of the GloBI Review Badge can be retrieved from the GloBI Review Depot↩︎ Up-to-date status of the GloBI Index Badge can be retrieved from GloBI's API↩︎ At time of writing (2025-08-16) the version of the GloBI dataset index was available at https://globalbioticinteractions.org/datasets↩︎ According to http://opendefinition.org/: "Open data is data that can be freely used, re-used and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike."↩︎

Life on Earth is sustained by complex interactions between organisms and their environment. These biotic interactions can be captured in datasets and published digitally. We present a review and archiving process for such an openly accessible digital interactions dataset of known origin and discuss its outcome. The dataset under review, named globalbioticinteractions/vertnet, has fingerprint hash://md5/62dbc1d1d0428aa8141e7ef4c5a90f28, is 2.58GiB in size and contains 220,722 interactions with 10 unique types of associations (e.g., parasiteOf) between 8,199 primary taxa (e.g., Arthropoda) and 30,858 associated taxa (e.g., Acari). This report includes detailed summaries of interaction data, a taxonomic review from multiple catalogs, and an archived version of the dataset from which the reviews are derived.