This dataset contains locomotion data from 45 Gromphadorhina portentosa (Madagascar hissing cockroaches) recorded under six controlled temperature conditions: 18°C, 22°C, 26°C, 30°C, 34°C, and 38°C. Each trial of 25 minutes is stored in an individual CSV file and includes the following parameters: PID_OUTPUT and PWM – Status of the heating/cooling fan control system. PROM_TEMP – Average temperature inside the environmental control chamber. SHT1_TEMPERATURE, SHT1_HUMIDITY – Temperature and humidity from the first SHT45 high-precision sensor. SHT2_TEMPERATURE, SHT2_HUMIDITY – Temperature and humidity from the second SHT45 high-precision sensor. GY30_LUX – Light intensity measured by the first GY-30 high-precision sensor. GY302_LUX – Light intensity measured by the second GY-30 high-precision sensor. MOUSE1_X, MOUSE1_Y – X and Y positions from the first optical mouse (frontal movement). MOUSE2_X, MOUSE2_Y – X and Y positions from the second optical mouse (lateral movement). Aditionally, a file with a complete resume of the tests as well as population variables such as gender, length or life-status is also included for a better analysis. These data enable the analysis of locomotion patterns under varying thermal conditions and support research in animal behavior, environmental physiology, and bio-robotics. !!!!IMPORTANT NOTE TO THIS VERSION!!!!!! When captured, the system was missing a constant for adjusting values to the circunference of the spherical threadmill (optical mice were calibrated to measure the diameter). While this constant was considered in the statistical analysis of the already available publications, it was not considered in this dataset. Version V.2 already contains the adjusted data for making easier the analysis. We have proved that the statistical analysis presented in the publications is not affected by this adjustment but the quantitative values can vary. In the publications this is not a problem as it was also considered but, in case of using this data for your own research and need the specific quantitative values and not the behavioral differences between them, use version 2.