This study focuses on the application of digital twin technology in the field of calligraphy cultural heritage conservation, constructing a ‘physical-digital-intelligent’ ternary interaction system and a five-dimensional digital twin model. The objective is to explore new strategies for preventive conservation, restoration decision-making support, and dynamic dissemination of calligraphy heritage. By integrating multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition, cross-scale modeling, and intelligent simulation technologies, this research addresses technical challenges in the conservation of calligraphy cultural relics. Through case studies, the feasibility and innovation of its practical application are validated, offering a novel research paradigm for the scientific conservation and inheritance of calligraphy cultural heritage. The results indicate that digital twin technology can effectively enhance the scientific rigor of calligraphy heritage conservation and foster innovation in cultural dissemination, holding significant implications for advancing the digital development of cultural heritage. Specifically, digital twin technology creates highly realistic digital models by accurately replicating the physical forms and intrinsic characteristics of calligraphy cultural relics, enabling conservators to conduct non-destructive analysis and research in virtual environments. The application of this technology not only avoids potential physical damage caused by traditional conservation methods but also significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of conservation efforts. Furthermore, the digital twin model possesses dynamic updating and intelligent prediction capabilities, allowing for real-time assessment of the conservation status of cultural relics based on continuously monitored data, thereby providing a scientific basis for preventive conservation.