
Resumen El presente artículo desarrolla una revisión sistemática en el contexto de la sostenibilidad ambiental y la minería 4.0 en la industria extractiva, con el objetivo de analizar la efectividad del uso del Internet de las Cosas (IoT) en la gestión sostenible del agua. A partir de la revisión de 63 artículos científicos, se seleccionaron 20 investigaciones relevantes para un análisis más exhaustivo. Se identificaron tecnologías clave como sensores inteligentes, microcontroladores y plataformas en la nube, las cuales resultan fundamentales para el monitoreo en tiempo real y el control eficiente del recurso hídrico. Los resultados evidencian que el uso del IoT incrementa significativamente la eficiencia en la gestión y el tratamiento del agua, principalmente mediante la detección temprana de fugas. No obstante, se identificaron barreras para su implementación, especialmente en contextos rurales y operaciones de pequeña minería, tales como la limitada conectividad y la carencia de capacidades técnicas en las comunidades. La conclusión destaca el valor de integrar tecnologías emergentes, como la inteligencia artificial y blockchain, para fortalecer la toma de decisiones en materia ambiental, considerando no solo el agua, sino también la calidad del aire. Se recomienda promover estudios de campo en minas reales y avanzar en la adopción de soluciones tecnológicas adaptadas a diversos entornos, especialmente en América Latina. Este análisis constituye una base sólida para futuras investigaciones sobre el uso del IoT en la gestión hídrica en el sector minero.
Abstract This article presents a systematic review in the context of environmental sustainability and mining 4.0 in the extractive industry, with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of the Internet of Things (IoT) in sustainable water management. Based on a review of 63 scientific articles, 20 relevant studies were selected for a more exhaustive analysis. Key technologies such as smart sensors, microcontrollers, and cloud platforms were identified as fundamental for real-time monitoring and efficient control of water resources. The results show that the use of IoT significantly increases efficiency in water management and treatment, mainly through early detection of leaks. However, barriers to its implementation were identified, especially in rural contexts and small-scale mining operations, such as limited connectivity and a lack of technical capabilities in communities. The conclusion highlights the value of integrating emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, to strengthen environmental decision-making, considering not only water but also air quality. It is recommended to promote field studies in real mines and advance the adoption of technological solutions adapted to diverse environments, especially in Latin America. This analysis provides a solid foundation for future research on the use of IoT in water management in the mining sector.
Internet de las Cosas, water management, gestión del agua, Internet of Things, Internet de las Cosas, gestión del agua, minería 4.0, minería 4.0, mining 4.0
Internet de las Cosas, water management, gestión del agua, Internet of Things, Internet de las Cosas, gestión del agua, minería 4.0, minería 4.0, mining 4.0
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