Hypomontagnella monticulosa (Mont.) Sir, L. Wendt & C. Lamb., in Lambert, Wendt, Hladki, Stadler & Sir, Mycol. Progr. 18 (1–2): 190 (2019) Fig. 16 Description. Saprobic on a dead branch of Macaranga peltata. Sexual morph: Stromata effused-pulvinate, with conspicuous to inconspicuous perithecial mounds, surface blackish, woody to carbonaceous tissue immediately beneath the surface and between the perithecial surface and the perithecia. Perithecia globose to subglobose, ostioles higher than the stromatal surface. Paraphyses 4–7 μm wide, hyaline, abundant, persistent, unbranched, septate. Asci 70–95 × 4–6.5 μm (x ̄ = 82 × 5.4 μm, n = 20), the spore-bearing parts 40–50 µm long with stipes 36–44 µm long, 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, with J +, discoid apical ring. Ascospores 6–8 × 3–4 μm (x ̄ = 7.2 × 3.4 μm, n = 30), uniseriate, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with broadly to less frequently narrowly rounded ends, light brown to brown, smooth. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics. Ascospores are germinated on the PDA within 24 hours at 25 ° C. Germ tubes are produced from one side of the ascospore. The slow-growing colonies on the PDA reach 1.0– 1.5 cm diam. after seven days at 25 ° C, circular in shape, flat, cottony, slightly less dense towards the edge, white color in the front view, and pale yellow in the reverse view. Material examined. Thailand • Chiang Rai, Nang Lae village, on decaying branch of Macaranga peltata (Euphorbiaceae), 18 March 2024, Achala Rathnayaka, AA 10 (MFLU 24-0531); living culture, MFLUCC 24-0612. Known distribution and hosts. Argentina (Ficus maroma) (Lambert et al. 2019), French Polynesia (dead wood) (Lambert et al. 2019), Indonesia, Malaysia (lichen, Sargassum seaweed) (Zainee et al. 2018), Paraguay (dead wood) (Lambert et al. 2019), Thailand (Leucaena leucocephala, Macaranga peltata) (Chethana et al. 2021 a, this study), USA (Cladonia leporina) (U’Ren et al. 2016). Notes. Morphologically, our collection (MFLUCC 24-0612) is similar to the ex-type strain of H. monticulosa (MUCL 54604), which was collected from a dead branch of Leucaena leucocephala in Thailand (Chethana et al. 2021 a). However, asci (70–95 μm vs. 85–110 μm) and ascospores (6–8 μm vs. 7.5–9.3 μm) of our collection (MFLUCC 24-0612) are shorter than the ex-type strain (MUCL 54604) (Chethana et al. 2021 a). According to multi-gene phylogeny (ITS, LSU, rpb 2, and β-tub), our strain (MFLUCC 24-0612) clusters with the ex-type strain of H. monticulosa (MUCL 54604) with 100 % ML bootstrap and 1.00 PP support (Fig. 13). Based on the morpho-molecular evidence, we established the first host record of H. monticulosa on Macaranga peltata in Thailand.

Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Manowong, Areerat, Bhagya, Amuhenage T., Win, Hsan, Tun, Zaw L., Mapook, Ausana & Hyde, Kevin D., 2025, Taxonomy, phylogeny, and bioactive potential of Xylariales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from Thailand: novel species discovery, new host and geographical records, and antibacterial properties, pp. 35-117 in MycoKeys 120 on pages 35-117, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155915