Annulohypoxylon spougei Suwannasai, M. P. Martín, Phosri & Whalley, Persoonia 44: 353 (2020) Fig. 7 Description. Saprobic on Antidesma madagascariense dead wood. Sexual morph: Ascostromata 1–3 cm long × 0.3–2 cm broad and 0.8–1.2 mm thick (x ̄ = 2 × 1.4 × 1 mm, n = 10), hemispherical, effused-pulvinate, shiny, surface black, carbonaceous. Ascomata 0.25–0.6 mm high × 0.25–0.5 mm diam. (x ̄ = 0.4 × 0.3 mm, n = 10), immersed in the stroma, subglobose to globose, black, ostioles papillate, encircled with a flattened, truncatum-type disc, 0.2–0.25 mm diam. (x ̄ = 0.23 mm, n = 8). Hamathecium 3–5 μm wide, comprising long, hyaline, unbranched, septate paraphyses. Asci 27–42 × 2–3 μm (x ̄ = 36 × 2 μm, n = 20), the spore-bearing parts 17–25 µm long with stipes 9–15 µm long, 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, with an apical ring bluing in Melzer’s iodine reagent. Ascospores 7–9 × 3–4 μm (x ̄ = 7.6 × 3.6 μm, n = 40), uniseriate, one-celled, inequilaterally ellipsoidal, with narrowly rounded ends, hyaline when immature, becoming brown at maturity, guttulate. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characters. Ascospores germinated on the PDA within 24 hours at 25 ° C. Germ tubes are produced from both sides of the ascospore. Colonies on the PDA reaching 1.5–2.0 cm diam. after five days at 25 ° C, circular in shape, white at first, cottony, white color in the front view, brown in the middle, and pale brown at the margin of the reverse view. Material examined. Thailand • Chiang Rai, near Ang Kep Nam Huai Luang Than Thong Reservoir, on decaying wood of Antidesma madagascariense (Phyllanthaceae), 05 July 2024, Achala Rathnayaka, AA 24 (MFLU 24-0525); living culture MFLUCC 24-0607. Known distribution and hosts. China (rotten wood) (Ke et al. 2024); Thailand (on corticated wood, Antidesma madagascariense) (Crous et al. 2020; this study). Notes. According to the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, β-tub, and rpb 2), our strain (MFLUCC 24-0607) clustered with the ex-type strain of A. spougei (SWUF 09-032) with 100 % ML bootstrap and 1.00 PP support (Fig. 2). Our fungal collection (MFLUCC 24-0607) exhibits morphological characteristics similar to the holotype of A. spougei (SWUFH 099), including black, shiny carbonaceous ascostromata; 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical asci, with an apical ring that bluing in Melzer’s iodine reagent; and unicellular, inequilaterally ellipsoidal, brown ascospores (Crous et al. 2020). However, the ascospores of the A. spougei holotype show a straight germ slit along the full length of the spore, which is not observed in our isolate (MFLUCC 24-0607). Based on the morpho-molecular evidence, we identified our collection as a new host record of A. spougei on Antidesma madagascariense in Thailand.

Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Manowong, Areerat, Bhagya, Amuhenage T., Win, Hsan, Tun, Zaw L., Mapook, Ausana & Hyde, Kevin D., 2025, Taxonomy, phylogeny, and bioactive potential of Xylariales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) from Thailand: novel species discovery, new host and geographical records, and antibacterial properties, pp. 35-117 in MycoKeys 120 on pages 35-117, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155915