The GROW-Africa (Groundtruthing Remote-sensing for Optimizing Yield in Africa) Database includes n = 535,844 georeferenced observations of crop yields across Africa for the period 1960-2023. The vast majority of the observations span the period 2000-2023. The database includes 25 key crops, including maize, sorghum, cassava, groundnuts, cowpeas, rice, yams, and millet. The database assimilates observations from a range of spatial scales, from regional government statistics, to household farmer surveys, to plot-level crop cuts. The GROW-Africa database is intended to provide a platform for performing data-driven analyses of historical yield trends, as well as for training algorithms to quantify crop yields from Earth Observation (satellite) data. The database is described in the publication: Geyman, E.C., Ferris, A., Sahajpal, R., Anderson, W., Lee, D. and Hausmann, N., 2025. An Africa-wide agricultural production database to support policy and satellite-based measurement systems. Scientific Data, 12(1), p.1087. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-05257-5