The article is revealed the basic directions of study of communication processes in modern philosophical thought. It is considered views on the nature of communication classics of social and philosophical thought of XX century Karl Jaspers, N. Luhmann, J. Habermas, М. McLuhan. The author analyzes the introduction of the concept of scientific revolution of communication, thanks to research in the field of cybernetics and information theory. For a example is the studies of Claude Elwood Shannon and Norbert Wiener of broadcast and information exchange contributed to the theory of communication and its widespread outside the sciences. The author observes that the ideas of German researcher Niklas Luhmann are concerned the theory of social systems directly derived from mathematical cybernetic theories. Luhmann theory considers communication as the foundation of the whole theory of social systems, which identifies communication and society. It is highlighted and described three selection of communication by N. Luhmann – information, communication and understanding in the article. The communication is approached of German philosopher Jurgen Habermas and provided a broader understanding and application of the concept of «communication» as a way of communication and interaction between people in the social sphere, the hallmark of which is productive, constructive dialogue. It can be submitted a communication between society and science in the dialogue form. It is highlighted the study of Canadian philosopher and critic Herbert Marshall McLuhan, considered the phenomenon of communication through the prism of media communication, how we impact on media communication in the article. The author concludes that referring to communication, we are dealing with the phenomenon and concepts that have deep philosophical significance. Communication has been and always will be, but it is comprehensive, general nature only discovered in modern times, still requires a philosophical understanding of this phenomenon.