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ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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An Ethnoarchaeological Study on Olive Cultivation and Olive Oil Production from the Prehistoric Period to the Present in Hatay: The Case of Tokaçlı

Hatay'da Prehistorik Dönem'den Günümüze Zeytin Yetiştiriciliği ve Zeytinyağı Üretimine Yönelik Etnoarkeolojik Bir Çalışma Tokaçlı Örneği
Authors: TIBIKOĞLU, HASAN ONUR; Özdilek, Banu; Karataş Yüksel, Canan;

An Ethnoarchaeological Study on Olive Cultivation and Olive Oil Production from the Prehistoric Period to the Present in Hatay: The Case of Tokaçlı

Abstract

 Hatay'ın kuzey ucunda yer aldığı Levant Bölgesi, Pleistosen çağdan bu yana Doğu Akdeniz'in doğal bitki örtüsünün yaygın türlerinden biri olan yabani zeytin ağacına sahipliği yapmaktadır. İnsanlığın kültürel gelişim sürecinde kilit bir role sahip olan bu bölge, aynı zamanda zeytin ağacının ilk kez yetiştirildiği yerdir. Araştırmalar, evcilleştirilmiş zeytinin ilk olarak Kalkolitik ve Erken Tunç Çağlarında bu bölgede yetiştirildiğini göstermektedir. Bölgede yapılan arkeolojik araştırmalar, özellikle Roma Dönemi'nde zeytin yetiştiriciliği ve zeytinyağı üretiminin yaygın bir ekonomik faaliyet olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Osmanlı döneminde de kent ekonomisi için önemini koruyan zeytin, günümüzde de Altınözü, Yayladağı ve Samandağ ilçelerini kapsayan kalker masif platonun tepe yamaçlarında işlenerek zeytinyağına dönüştürülmektedir. Modern zeytinyağı üretimi genellikle sanayileşmiş bir sistemle işlenmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra bazı köylerde yerleşimciler hem bireysel tüketimlerini karşılamak hem de pazarın kaliteli ürün talebi nedeniyle zeytinyağı üretiminde eski süreçleri takip etmektedir. Kırsal yerleşimlerde evlerde özel mülkiyete ait zeytin sıkma cihazları/mekanizmaları bulunmaktadır. Hatay'da zeytinin yetiştiricilikten zeytinyağına dönüşümü, antik dönemin teknik uygulamalarının yanı sıra sosyolojik örgütlenmenin üretimdeki rolü ve özellikle tarım toplumunun gelenek ve inançlarına dair kavrayışımızı genişletecek bir süreç izlemektedir. Bu bağlamda Hatay İli Altınözü İlçesi Tokaçlı Köyü önemli bir geleneksel üretim alanıdır.

The Levant Region, located at the northern end of Hatay, has been home to the wild olive tree, a common species of the Eastern Mediterranean’s natural vegetation, since the Pleistocene. This region, key to humanity’s cultural development, is where olives were first cultivated during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Ages. Archaeological research reveals that olive cultivation and oil production were prominent economic activities, especially during the Roman Period. Maintaining its economic significance during the Ottoman era, olive production continues today in Altınözü, Yayladağı, and Samandağ, where olives are processed on the limestone plateau slopes. Modern olive oil production is industrialized, yet ancient methods are still practiced in some villages for personal consumption and to meet market demands for high-quality products. Rural areas host olive pressing devices either in private gardens or communal spaces. The transformation of olives into olive oil in Hatay reflects ancient technical practices, sociological production organization, and the agricultural society’s traditions and beliefs. In this context, Tokaçlı Village in Hatay is a significant traditional production area, providing valuable insights into the continuity of these practices.

Keywords

Olive and Olive Oil, Tokaçlı Village, Hatay-Antakya-Tokaçlı Village, Ethnoarchaeology, Antiocheia ad Orontes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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