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{"references": ["American Society for Testing and Materials (2009). Forensic Document Examiner.", "American Society for Testing and Materials (2010). ASTM Standard E444-09.", "Cohen, N. L. (1995). Fractal Antennas Part 1, Communications Quarterly, Summer, 5-23.", "Hilton, D. (1982). Questioned documents examination (accessed from a compilation of notes by NORSU-College of Criminal Justice Education)", "Krummel, J. R. 1986. Landscape ecology: spatial data and analytical approaches. In Dyer, M. I., & Crossley, D. A. (Eds), Coupling of ecological studies with remote sensing: Potentials at four biosphere reserves in the United State. U.S. Man and the Biosphere Prog. Publ. 9504. Washington, DC: Department of State.", "Mandelbrot, Beno\u00eet B. (1982). The Fractal Geometry of nature. New York: W. H. Freeman and Co.", "Ordway, M. (1982) Characteristics of handwriting (accessed from a compilation of notes by NORSU-College of Criminal Justice Education)", "Padua, R. N., Palompon, D. R., & Ontoy, D. S. (2012). Data roughness and Fractal Statistics. CNU Journal of Higher Education, 6(1), 87-101."]}
The use of fractal analysis is recommended to place handwriting analysis within the purview of science and scientific methods. The current practice of subjecting a questioned document to a handwriting expert’s eye borders on art and is replete with subjectivity. A similarity index based on the fractal dimension of a handwritten document is proposed to augment the current practice. A random sample of ten(10) respondents, five(5) male and five(5) female, were asked to copy ten(10) paragraphs of the same lengths by hand. The first paragraphs for each respondent was used as the specimen document while the remaining nine (9) paragraphs were utilized to test and validate the proposed fractal procedure. Results revealed that the similarity index identified authorship as well as genuineness (of signatures) with 99% accuracy
fractal signatures,sractal analysis, Fractal Geometry, handwriting analysis, questioned document examination
fractal signatures,sractal analysis, Fractal Geometry, handwriting analysis, questioned document examination
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