
Des disciplines différentes : biologie, psychologie, sociologie des organisations, relations internationales, sont sollicitées par le terme d’effraction, ici choisi pour sa polysémie, et qui évoque un processus commun : l’atteinte brutale d’un système par un agent extérieur, qui rompt ses défenses, son enveloppe, et pénètre à l’intérieur. Toutes les agressions d’un système par un autre ne constituent cependant pas des effractions. Le terme permet de désigner une figure particulière dont les contributeurs tentent ici de relever la pertinence pour les approches systémiques. Les contributions des psychologues mettent l’accent sur les termes de trauma et de traumatisme, qui s’articulent, mais ne se réduisent pas, au concept de stress, ou de syndrome d’adaptation, pertinent en sciences du vivant. L’exploration de la clinique des effractions montre que certains événements devraient être traumatisants au regard de leur brutalité, et pourtant ne le sont pas pour tout le monde ; et inversement, des événements qui n’ont pas eu d’écho pour le sujet jusque-là, soudain réveillent des traumas anciens. Le trauma se révèle chez l’humain n’être pas forcément un épisode précis de l’histoire du sujet, mais une sorte de « trou » dans la structure psychique.
Different disciplines – biology, psychology, sociology of organizations, international relations – are called upon by the term “break-in”, chosen here for its polysemy, and which evokes a common process: the brutal attack of a system by an external agent, which breaks its defences, its envelope, and penetrates its interior. However, not all attacks on one system by another constitute “break-ins”. The term is used to designate a particular type of aggression, the relevance of which to systemic approaches is explored by the contributors. The psychologists' contributions focus on the terms “trauma” and “traumatism”, which are related to, but not reducible to, the concept of stress, or adaptation syndrome, relevant in life sciences. An exploration of the clinical experience of break-ins shows that certain events should be traumatic in view of their brutality, but are not for everyone; and conversely, events that have had no resonance for the subject up to that point, suddenly awaken ancient traumas. In human beings, trauma is not necessarily a precise episode in the subject's history, but a kind of “hole” in the psychic structure.
Systémique, Systems Theory, psychic structure, Psychological Trauma, Stress, Trauma, Aggression, Agression, Psychological stress, Effraction, Structure psychique, Systems theory, Break-in, Stress, Psychological
Systémique, Systems Theory, psychic structure, Psychological Trauma, Stress, Trauma, Aggression, Agression, Psychological stress, Effraction, Structure psychique, Systems theory, Break-in, Stress, Psychological
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