In today’s fast-paced and environmentally conscious world, increasing ecological concerns and strict government regulations have driven scientists and researchers to explore biodegradable and renewable alternatives to synthetic materials. Natural fibers such as banana, jute, bagasse, and sisal have emerged as attractive options due to their low density, comparable strength, non-toxic nature, cost-effectiveness, and minimal waste disposal challenges when compared to conventional synthetic materials. Among these, banana fibers have garnered significant attention in recent years. Extracted from the stem of banana plants after harvest, these fibers were once regarded as agricultural waste. Their promise as efficient reinforcement materials in polymer composites, however, has been shown in numerous research, and as a result, the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of the resulting biocomposites have significantly improved. This review focuses on the development and applications of banana fiber-reinforced composites, highlighting their advantages and key factors affecting their performance. Critical aspects such as fiber length, orientation, distribution, moisture absorption, temperature resistance, and surface treatment techniques are discussed to understand their influence on the durability and mechanical behavior of the composites