Key to Afromontane Hylomyscus (excepting W Africa) plus all members of the H. anselli group 1. Supra-orbital shelf strongly beaded ......................... ............................................. H. aeta (Thomas, 1911) 2. Supra-orbital shelf not beaded ............................... 3 3. Sub-squamosal foramen tiny/absent, hamular process short & thick (H. denniae group) .............. 5 4. Sub-squamosal foramen large, hamular process long & thin ............................................................. 9 5. Only found in Ruwenzori montane forests, size large ONL 25.6–27.8 ............. H. denniae (Thomas, 1906) 6. Found in other East African montane forests ........ 7 7. Size large, CI 26.8–28.6, Kenya only: Mt Kenya, Aberdares & Mau forests ......................................... ..................................... H. endorobae (Heller, 1910) 8. Size small, CI 24–26 mm, Albertine Rift S of Ruwenzoris (not including Tanzania) ...................... .... H. vulcanorum (Lönnberg & Gyldenstolpe, 1925) 9. Teats 4+4, incisors orthodont ................................... ........................................... H. stella (Thomas, 1911) 10. Teats 2+4, incisors proodont, orthodont or weakly opisthodont (H. anselli group) ............................. 11 11a.Crown length of upper tooth row under 3.3 (Congo Basin, small) ......................................................... 13 11b.Crown length of upper tooth row 3.3–4.0 (Afromontane, medium) ....................................... 15 11c.Crown length of upper tooth row over 4.0 (Afromontane, large) ............................................ 19 13. Crown length of upper tooth row under 1.8, slightly proodont .............................. H. pygmaeus (sp. nov.) 14. Crown length of upper tooth row 3.0–3.25, orthodont ....................... H. thornesmithae (sp. nov.) 15. Post palatal foramina at rear (3 rd lamina) of M1, LD and NL longer, Table 4 (montane Kenya only) ........ ..................... H. kerbispeterhansi Demos et al., 2014 16. Post palatal foramina between M1 and M2 or at beginning of M2, LD and NL shorter, Table 4 ..... 17 17. Post palatal foramina between M1 and M2, incisive foramina fall just short of upper molar alveoli, upper incisors orthodont (Eastern Arc only) ...................... .............. H. arcimontensis Carleton & Stanley, 2005 18. Post palatal foramina at beginning of M2, incisive foramina reach upper molar alveoli, upper incisors typically opisthodont (Mahale Mts only) ................. ............................ H. mpungamachagorum (sp. nov.) 19. Incisive foramina penetrate CLM, slightly opisthodont (Angola only) ....................................... ....................... H. heinrichorum Carleton et al., 2015 20. Incisive foramina do not penetrate CLM ............. 21 21. Occipito-nasal length under 26.4, nasal length under 9.4 (Zambia only) ............. H. anselli (Bishop, 1979) 22. Occipito-nasal length over 26.3, nasal length over 9.3 (Mbizi Mts only) ............... H. s tanleyi (sp. nov.)

Published as part of Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C., Hutterer, Rainer, Doty, Jeffrey B., Malekani, Jean M., Moyer, David C., Krásová, Jarmila, Bryja, Josef, Banasiak, Rebecca A. & Demos, Terrence C., 2020, Four new species of the Hylomyscus anselli group (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae) from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania, pp. 55-83 in Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2020.69.1.055, http://zenodo.org/record/15759615