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ZENODO
Conference object . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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A Deep Learning Approach to EEG Subcortical Source Localization

Authors: Christian Buda; Gambosi, Benedetta; Toschi, Nicola; Astolfi, Laura;

A Deep Learning Approach to EEG Subcortical Source Localization

Abstract

Electroencephalography (EEG) offers high temporal resolution but struggles to accurately localize subcortical activity, partly due to the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem and the weak signals from deep structures. Traditional regularized inverse methods are computationally efficient yet often miss deep sources. Here, we introduce a deep learning pipeline specifically designed for subcortical EEG source localization. We generate realistic training data through a custom simulator that combines spatially structured dipole activity, autoregressive time series, controlled synchronization, and distinct forward operators to reduce the inverse crime. Our network maps raw EEG segments directly to subcortical activation, bypassing explicit dipole reconstructions. Compared against nine classical solvers (including MNE, dSPM, sLORETA) across seven different metrics, our approach demonstrates superior localization accuracy and spatial specificity in both cortical and subcortical tests. This mitigates the surface bias typical of standard solutions and highlights the potential of end-to-end deep learning for EEG-based subcortical neuroimaging. Future work will refine simulation realism, explore multi-subject adaptability, and address transfer to real EEG.

Country
Italy
Keywords

EEG subcortical source localization, deep learning, simulation pipelines, ill-posed inverse problem

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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