This article explores the social and legal status of women in ancient societies. Using examples from civilizations such as India, Mesopotamia, Babylon, Greece, and Rome, it examines the subjugation of women to male authority and their marginalized role in society. The article highlights how ancient legal systems denied women equal rights and often failed to recognize them as individuals with agency. Based on historical sources, the discussion reveals the deep roots of gender inequality and provides a theoretical foundation for contemporary gender studies