Nigeria is faced with the problem of corruption. Successive governments in the country hadestablished several anti-corruption agencies to investigate, prosecute and prevent corrupt practices acrossthe public and private sectors. Nigeria’s anti-corruption agencies include the Economic and FinancialCrimes Commission (EFCC), Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission(ICPC), Code of Conduct Tribunal (CCT), Code of Conduct Bureau (CCB) and others. This paperassessed the challenges confronting anti-corruption agencies in Nigeria and the implications of thesechallenges for national development. Using secondary sources, such as internet, academic journals,textbooks, legal statutes, government publications, periodicals and policy documents, the data wereanalysed using thematic-content analysis.The findings indicated that Nigeria’s anti-graft institutions facedeep-rooted structural and operational challenges that severely limit their effectiveness, especially inhandling high-profile corruption cases. These limitations not only encourage impunity and diminish publictrust in the justice system but also lead to the mismanagement of public resources, poor governance, andservice delivery failures. Consequently, corruption becomes entrenched, exacerbating poverty, inequality,and underdevelopment across key sectors, while also undermining investor confidence, weakeningdemocratic institutions, and endangering the country’s socio-economic stability and development.Thepaper recommended comprehensive reforms to strengthen Nigeria’s anti-graft efforts by ensuring theautonomy and capacity of agencies like the EFCC and ICPC through legal protections, adequate funding,and modern investigative tools. It also calls for an overhaul of the judicial system to expedite corruptioncases, including the creation of special courts, strict case timelines, and improved judicial accountability,all aimed at restoring public trust and reinforcing the rule of law.