
Resumen El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar las implicancias del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes universitarios. Para alcanzar este propósito, se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en la metodología PRISMA. En la selección de los documentos, se aplicaron criterios de inclusión que consideraron artículos publicados entre 2021 y 2025 en bases de datos como Scopus, WoS y Scielo, utilizando como palabras clave “critical thinking” AND “students”. Los hallazgos evidencian que el pensamiento crítico constituye una habilidad esencial en la formación universitaria, ya que permite a los estudiantes analizar, argumentar y tomar decisiones fundamentadas en distintos contextos académicos y profesionales. Para potenciar estas capacidades, es necesario implementar estrategias didácticas innovadoras y enfoques pedagógicos que promuevan el análisis profundo y la argumentación compleja. Además, la incorporación de herramientas tecnológicas -como la inteligencia artificial-, el fomento del aprendizaje autorregulado, la reflexión crítica y la toma de decisiones informadas pueden fortalecer la autonomía y la profundidad del razonamiento de los estudiantes. Entre las estrategias didácticas más efectivas se destacan el mapeo conceptual, el aprendizaje basado en problemas, la simulación con tecnología, los juegos didácticos, el fomento de la lectura y el desarrollo de la capacidad argumentativa. Asimismo, promover el pensamiento crítico entre los docentes resulta clave para incrementar la participación y el compromiso de los estudiantes en el aula.
Abstract The main objective of this study was to analyze the implications of critical thinking for university students. To achieve this goal, a systematic review based on the PRISMA methodology was conducted. Inclusion criteria were applied to document selection, considering articles published between 2021 and 2025 in databases such as Scopus, WoS, and Scielo, using the keywords "critical thinking" AND "students." The findings show that critical thinking is an essential skill in university education, as it allows students to analyze, argue, and make informed decisions in different academic and professional contexts. To enhance these capacities, it is necessary to implement innovative teaching strategies and pedagogical approaches that promote in-depth analysis and complex argumentation. Furthermore, the incorporation of technological tools-such as artificial intelligence-and the promotion of self-regulated learning, critical reflection, and informed decision-making can strengthen students' autonomy and depth of reasoning. Among the most effective teaching strategies are concept mapping, problem-based learning, technology-based simulation, educational games, reading promotion, and the development of argumentative skills. Likewise, promoting critical thinking among teachers is key to increasing student participation and engagement in the classroom.
argumentation, estrategias, strategies, pensamiento crítico, critical thinking, argumentación
argumentation, estrategias, strategies, pensamiento crítico, critical thinking, argumentación
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