This paper critically examines the transformative role of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in laying the foundational pillars for sustainable and inclusive growth in modern India. Through his multifaceted contributions—as a jurist, economist, social reformer, and principal architect of the Indian Constitution—Ambedkar envisioned an egalitarian society that addressed the systemic injustices embedded within Indian society. By analyzing his work in constitutional drafting, economic thought, education, and social justice reforms, the paper explores how Ambedkar’s legacy continues to shape contemporary discourses on sustainability and inclusion. The research incorporates historical evidence, comparative policy analysis, and theoretical frameworks from political science and development studies to highlight Ambedkar’s enduring relevance in modern India’s development trajectory.