
handle: 20.500.12371/28628
RESUMEN La melioidosis es una enfermedad causada por Burkholderia pseudomallei, una bacteria que suele encontrarse globalmente en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, particularmente se ha detectado en cultivos de arroz. Esta enfermedad es común en el norte de Australia y el sur de Asia, pero también se ha localizado en África, Sudamérica y México. La infección se da después de una exposición ambiental a través de heridas, inhalación o ingestión, y es fuertemente asociada a comorbilidades que afectan el sistema inmune, tal es el caso de la diabetes mellitus. La melioidosis es difícil de diagnosticar, le llaman la gran imitadora, ya que se puede confundir con la tuberculosis. La bacteria es encontrada en suelo y agua, donde sobrevive por años en condiciones adversas. Es resistente a antibióticos, con un genoma que contiene genes que codifican para factores de virulencia. La distribución de B. pseudomallei en México ha ido en aumento, con un incremento en diagnósticos en los últimos años. Recientemente, la enfermedad se ha detectado en regiones no tropicales, incluso en zonas áridas, y se ha planteado que los cambios climáticos globales podrían ampliar su distribución al aumentar las lluvias en áreas no tropicales. ABSTRACT Melioidosis is a disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium found primarily in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, especially in rice fields. It is commonly present in the North of Australia and the South of Asia, but it has also been found in Africa, South America, and Mexico. The infection occurs through environmental exposure via wounds, inhalation, and ingestion, and it is strongly associated with comorbidities that impair the human immune system, such as diabetes mellitus. Melioidosis is difficult to diagnose; it is called the great imitator, and it might be mistaken for tuberculosis. The bacterium resides in soil and water, where it can survive for years in harsh environments. It is also highly resistant to antibiotics, with a genome containing genes for environmental survival and virulence factors. In Mexico, the distribution of B. pseudomallei has increased, with a rising number of melioidosis cases in recent years. More recently, the disease has been detected in non-tropical regions, including arid areas. It has been suggested that climate change might contribute to the bacterium's wider distribution due to increased rainfall in non-tropical regions.
agua, suelo, regiones áridas, neumonía
agua, suelo, regiones áridas, neumonía
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