
Resumen: El artículo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar una aplicación basada en la inteligencia artificial, cuya finalidad es la detección y atención temprana de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, una enfermedad que afecta al 9.3% de los adultos a nivel global. Metodológicamente, se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo no experimental, haciendo uso de un conjunto de datos de 800 pacientes, de los que se seleccionaron 160 para entrenar un modelo predictivo, implementando algoritmos de machine learning, tales como K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) y Random Forest (RF), que facilitaron el análisis de datos clínicos y biométricos. Entre los principales resultados se destaca que el modelo KNN evidenció una precisión del 95,5%, mientras que RF demostró un 92.16% de precisión. Asimismo, la regresión logística alcanzó una precisión del 79,33%. Estos modelos identificaron la glucosa como el factor predictivo más significativo, con una correlación de 0.49 respecto a la diabetes. Se concluyó que el uso de modelos de Inteligencia Artificial constituye una forma eficaz, accesible, no intrusiva y económica para facilitar la detección y atención temprana de la diabetes, mejorando la calidad en la atención personalizada, demostrando los beneficios que se pueden alcanzar en materia de salud pública.
Abstract: This paper aimed to develop an application based on artificial intelligence, whose purpose is the early detection and care of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease that affects 9.3% of adults globally. Methodologically, a non-experimental quantitative approach was used, making use of a dataset of 800 patients, from which 160 were selected to train a predictive model, implementing machine learning algorithms, such as K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Random Forest (RF), which facilitated the analysis of clinical and biometric data. Among the main results, the KNN model showed an accuracy of 95.5%, while RF showed 92.16% accuracy. Likewise, logistic regression achieved an accuracy of 79.33%. These models identified glucose as the most significant predictor, with a correlation of 0.49 with respect to diabetes. It was concluded that the use of Artificial Intelligence models constitutes an effective, accessible, non-intrusive and economical way to facilitate early detection and care of diabetes, improving the quality of personalized care, demonstrating the public health benefits that can be achieved.
machine learning, diabetes, inteligencia artificial, salud pública, public health, deep learning, artificial intelligence
machine learning, diabetes, inteligencia artificial, salud pública, public health, deep learning, artificial intelligence
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