Abstract Aim: Climate and land-use change are two of the most prominent factors driving extinction of species. Over a third of Theaceae species in China are assessed as threatened. However, it remains unclear how threatened and non-threatened species differ in their responses to environmental change. Location: China. Taxon: Theaceae. Methods: We used ensemble species distribution models to predict potential suitable areas for threatened and non-threatened species under current and future climate (SSP126 and SSP585) and dispersal (20km/decade and no dispersal) scenarios in 2070s. We compared range changes between threatened and non-threatened species by a Wilcoxon signed-rank test and used polynomial regression to estimate the relationship between current range size and range size change. Beta regressions to explore the associations between environmental factors and species’ range loss. Finally, we measured the distance and direction between the centroids of the current and predicted future suitable ranges. Results: Threatened species were predicted to lose a higher proportion of their ranges under future environmental changes. Species with limited ranges are more vulnerable to climate changes compared to those with larger habitats, regardless of threatened status. The range loss of Theaceae was related to current environmental condition and the magnitude of environmental change, with factors such as temperature, shrubland habitat, elevation range being important for non-threatened species and soil pH for threatened species. Most non-threatened species were expected to shift towards northern or western regions by 2070, whereas threatened species showed the shift trend with multiple directions. Main Conclusions: Threatened and narrow-ranged Theaceae species are more vulnerable to future climate and land-use changes than non-threatened and widespread species, driven by different environmental factors respectively. The results provide a reference for developing effective conservation strategies, protection of sensitive habitat, enhancement of habitat connectivity, and human-assisted dispersal are urgently needed to minimize negative impacts of climate and land-use changes on Theaceae in China.