The data is described and published in the paper "Speech-in-noise discriminability after noise exposure: Insights from a gerbil model of acoustic trauma" by Jüchter et al. (2025). The files contain response latencies, hit rates, false alarm rates and d'-values for the discrimination of different types of speech sounds measured in behavioral experiments with Mongolian gerbils before and after they were exposed to an acoustic trauma. Additionally, thresholds, amplitudes, latencies and slopes from auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements and synapse counts from inner hair cells are included in the data set.