AutArch Summary AutArch is an AI-assisted workflow capable of creating uniform archaeological datasets from heterogeneous published resources. The implementation provided here takes large and unsorted PDF files as input, and uses neural networks to conduct image processing, object detection, and classification. Recommended Hardware AutArch should run on most systems but the performance of the ML models can be affected by the availability of a PyTorch supported graphics card. Please consult the PyTorch manual. The current configuration has been successfully tested on an Nvidia RTX 2060 with 8GB of dedicated GPU memory, AMD Ryzen 9 7900X3D and 64GB of DDR5 RAM. AutArch will fallback to use CPU in case it cannot detect a supported GPU. Starting Guide (AutArch for Windows using WSL2) For more information see the README in the autarch folder 1. Download the 'autarch public.zip' file and unpack the contents into one folder (labelled e.g. AutArch) 2. Installing Docker Desktop Download WSL2 Docker Desktop: https://docs.docker.com/desktop/features/wsl/ . Install WSL2 Docker Desktop on your computer and restart it. Open the Docker Desktop app and agree to the terms of service. If Docker Desktop does not start, press CTRL + ALT + DELETE and end any instance of Docker running in the background. If you have not downloaded WSL before, you will get an error message saying that you need to update WSL. Go into the PowerShell in Windows and download/update WSL by entering the following command: wsl --update Reopen Docker Desktop and press finish. You should see the start page with the container. 3. Creating a Docker image Make sure that Docker Desktop is running in the background. Go into the Windows PowerShell, change directory to the unpacked folder you created. Unpacking may create an autarch folder within the autarch folder. Check that you are in the right directory by entering dir. All unpacked files should now be listed in this directory. Create the Docker image by using the following command: docker compose --progress plain build 4. Running AutArch Make sure that Docker Desktop is running in the background. Go back to the PowerShell, change to the AutArch directory using cd . Type the following command: docker compose up Proceed to running AutArch, leaving the terminal opened in the background. You may have to wait a few minutes. Go to your internet browser (Chrome, Edge etc.) and enter the following address: http://localhost:3000 or http://127.0.0.1:3000 You should be at the homepage of the AutArch software. 5. Operating AutArch (starting guide) We recommend uploading a new publication that contains grave drawings. Click 'Upload Publication', choose a PDF file to upload, enter article information, then press 'create publication'. Analysing the PDF may take a while, depending on the document. Note: The Docker environment supplied will only rely on the CPU. Certain aspects of the processing of PDFs will be slower than if the environment had a sufficient GPU available. Once the analysis of the publication is done, proceed to 'Graves' and filter by the publication you just uploaded. The uploaded publication should be available in the list, which is ordered alphabetically. Select it and click 'filter'. If graves have been successfully detected, these will show in the list below. You can make edits by clicking the 'edit' button. Follow the steps one by one until all graves have been processed or click 'Graves' to return to the list. Click 'Publications', select any publication from the list and click 'Stats' for a graphical overview of some of the results (e.g. orientation of the graves, whole-outline analysis) AutArch allows many other functionalities, such as comparing publications, mapping results etc. See Workflow below for more information. 6. Closing AutArch Close the AutArch tab in your internet browser. In the PowerShell, press Ctrl + C to stop the process 7. Reopening AutArch Open Docker Desktop. Open the PowerShell and repeat Step 4. Team Name Contribution EMail Github Kevin Klein Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing kkevin@students.uni-mainz.de github Antoine Muller Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualisation, Writing Alyssa Wohde Methodology, Writing Alexander V. Gorelik Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing Volker Heyd Validation Ralf Lämmel Validation, Writing Yoan Diekmann Writing, Validation Maxime Brami Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing mbrami@uni-mainz.de Workflow Publications can be imported under Publications -> Import After the import has completed, the publication is available under Publications. It is recommended to go to the annotation screen and add all false negative objects. To review all the graves, go to the grave screen. Use the filter on the top to select the publications just uploaded. Then click the edit button of the first grave on the list. Grave Data The ID assigned to the burial by the authors in the source publication is recorded. In case multiple images of the same grave are shown, the software will prevent duplicates in the results using this ID. In this step, the expert also has the option to discard drawings incorrectly classified as a grave. Site Graves can be assigned to specific sites. Sites can be added here. Tags Graves can be given arbitrary tags to discern them and allow for filtering in the overview map. Tags can be added here. Boxes Correcting bounding boxes. The user can manually add, remove or change the bounding box assigned to a specific grave. Potential tasks include selecting a different scale on the page, resizing bounding boxes because they do not fully encapsulate an object or marking north arrows that were initially missed by object detection. During this step, a manual arrow has to be drawn for every skeleton following the spine and pointing towards the skull, which is necessary to determine the orientation of the skeleton in the grave. Several automated steps are then performed. The contours are calculated using the new bounding boxes and the resulting changes in measurements are saved. The orientation of the north arrow and the deposition type of the skeleton are updated using their respective neural network. The analysis of the scale is performed again. Contours All detected outlines in relation to one particular grave are highlighted, allowing the user, if any issue arises, to return to the previous step and fit, for instance, a manual bounding box around the grave or cross-section to indicate the width, length or depth. Scale The next step is to validate the scale by checking the text indicating the real-world length of the scale. Once this step is completed, all measurements are updated with the new scale information. In case no individual scale is provided and the publication uses a fixed scale, e.g. all drawings are 1:20, a different screen is shown. In this screen, the actual height of the page (in cm) has to be entered manually, together with the ratio of the drawing. This way, all measurements can be calculated in the absence of a scale and the results are fully compatible with scaled publications. North Arrow The angle of the north arrow can be adjusted manually based on a preview. In case an arrow is missing in the drawing, this screen will be skipped and size measurements and contours will still be collected without the orientation. Skeleton Information Finally, the pose of all skeletons has to be validated, which (for now) consists of “unknown”, “flexed on the side” or “supine”. As described above, a neural network will set the initial body position, but it can be adjusted manually. Further positions could easily be added in the future. “Unknown” is used in cases where skeletal remains are visible, but no position can be identified. Output Under publications. Publications can be analyzed using the 'analyze' link for every publication. The shown page can be used to compare publications by selecting them from the top. Note that only 4 publications can be compared at the same time. License The AutArch source code is available publicly under GPLv3 license.