Prison overcrowding in Colombia constitutes a structural problem that systematically violates the human rights of persons deprived of liberty (PPL). Despite multiple rulings by the Constitutional Court and their visibility in academic and official reports, institutional inefficiency persists in implementing effective solutions. This situation reveals not only infrastructure deficiencies but also deficiencies in criminal justice policy, prison management, and the judicial system. This article examines the characteristics, causes, and consequences of overcrowding, identifying the fundamental rights affected and proposing corrective measures from a jurisprudential and academic perspective. It also offers an updated overview of the situation, extending the analysis to temporary detention centers, where the problem has worsened.