The conclusion of the Union Treaty on the formation of the USSR on December 30, 1922 at the first All-Union Congress of Soviets, which legally established the Soviet Union, was an important milestone that left a deep mark in world history. This act greatly influenced the formation of a strong and sovereign state that defended the interests of the working class and was widely recognized on the world stage. Regardless of individual perceptions of its significance, the enormous impact of the USSR on the course of historical events and the future cannot be ignored, otherwise it would be a clear distortion of reality. In this article we will examine in a concise and understandable form the factors and conditions that led to the formation of this state.