
El manatí antillano (Trichechus manatus) está en peligro de extinción debido al impacto de la actividad humana sobre la especie y sus ecosistemas, incluso, en áreas destinadas para su protección. Por tanto, el presente trabajo evaluó el estado poblacional del manatí antillano (Trichechus manatus manatus) en el área protegida “Lanzanillo – Pajonal – Fragoso”. Para ello se realizaron 104 recorridos y 82 entrevistas entre enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2020. La presencia permanente de manatíes en el área de estudio evidencia la existencia de una población estable con un porcentaje relativamente alto de crías. La mayor distribución y abundancia se reportó en el área de Nazábal, relacionado con el esfuerzo de muestreo realizado. Tanto las entrevistas como la Red de Varamientos concordaron en que las principales amenazas para esta población son la caza furtiva y la captura incidental en redes de pesca que ocasiona su ahogamiento. La mortalidad se dividió en dos períodos, del 2001 al 2010 donde se registró un aumento anual (r=0,77, p = 0,02) y del 2011 al 2020, donde la tendencia cambió (r= -0,59, p= 0,05). Como resultado, se aprecia una tendencia positiva de la población a partir de los avistamientos (r=0,47, p = 0,04). Los resultados obtenidos sobre la mortalidad son una alerta para continuar evaluando y perfeccionando las acciones de manejo actuales y garantizar la supervivencia de esta especie en el archipiélago cubano.
The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus) is in danger of extinction due to the impact of human activity on the species and its ecosystems, even in areas designated for its protection. Therefore, this work evaluated the population status of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in the protected area "Lanzanillo - Pajonal - Fragoso". For this purpose, 104 surveys and 82 interviews were carried out between January 2002 and December 2020. The permanent presence of manatees in the study area shows the existence of a stable population with a relatively high percentage of offspring. The greatest distribution and abundance were reported in the Nazábal area, related to the sampling effort carried out. Both, the interviews and the Stranding Network, agreed that the main threats to this population are poaching and by-catching. Mortality was divided into two periods, from 2001 to 2010, where an annual increase was recorded (r=0.77, p=0.02) and from 2011 to 2020, where the trend changed (r=-0.59, p=0.05). As a result, a positive trend in the population is observed based on sightings (r=0.47, p=0.04). The results obtained on mortality are an alert to continue evaluating and improving the management actions that are carried out, to guarantee the survival of this species in the Cuban archipelago.
G, stranding, caza furtiva, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, varamientos, mortalidad, GC1-1581, dinámica poblacional, Oceanography, illegal hunt, mortality, population dynamic
G, stranding, caza furtiva, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, varamientos, mortalidad, GC1-1581, dinámica poblacional, Oceanography, illegal hunt, mortality, population dynamic
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