The vapor compression cycle (VCC) is a widely used refrigeration and air conditioning process, critical to various industries and domestic applications. The compressor is a central component of the VCC, responsible for increasing the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant vapor, thereby enabling the thermodynamic cycle. This paper presents a comprehensive study on different types of compressors used in VCCs, their working principles, design considerations, efficiency characteristics, recent technological advancements, and comparative performance analysis. Emphasis is placed on reciprocating, rotary, scroll, screw, and centrifugal compressors. The paper concludes with insights into selection criteria, emerging trends like variable-speed compressors, and potential areas for further research.