This study examines the efficacy of intellectual capital on the firm value of listed oil and gas industries in Nigeria. Intellectual capital, comprising human, structural and relational capital. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design, secondary data from nine listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria between 2020 and 2024 obtained from Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) through firm’s annual reports which were analyzed. The study uses multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of intellectual capital components on firm value. Findings revealed that human capital, structural capital and relational capital positively and significantly influence firm value. However, firm age did not have a significant effect. The study concludes that intellectual capital is a critical driver of firm value in the oil and gas sector. It recommends increased investment in employee training, enhanced technological frameworks and strengthened stakeholder relationships to improve firm value. Future studies should explore external moderating factors influencing intellectual capital effectiveness across other industries.