This study examines the multidimensional nature of poverty in Maharashtra, with a specific focus on women and children. Utilizing the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023 framework, the paper investigates poverty beyond income, incorporating deprivations in health, education, and standard of living. It emphasizes how women and children are disproportionately affected by multiple forms of deprivation, despite the state’s economic advancement. By analyzing state and district-level data, the research highlights disparities, identifies the most vulnerable regions and demographics, and evaluates policy implications. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that prioritize the most affected populations, ensuring inclusive development aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1.2.