Photographs play a significant role as unique visual sources in documenting historical events, ethnographic features, and cultural processes. They provide opportunities for reconstructing authentic historical realities and facilitate a deeper understanding of daily life across various cultures and societies. From an ethnographic perspective, the source significance of photographs lies in their ability to directly illustrate the traditional lifestyles, clothing styles, religious and social ceremonies, customs, and rituals of societies. From a scientific viewpoint, photographs serve as essential primary sources in disciplines such as history, anthropology, and ethnology, enabling researchers to chronologically trace cultural and social transformations. Furthermore, when analyzing photographs as historical sources, it is crucial to consider their origin, authorship, social function, and the specific purpose for which they were produced. This methodological approach significantly enhances the historical and scientific value of photographs. Keywords: photographs, source, historical, ethnographic, scientific, history of Turkistan, visual, anthropology, theoretical-methodological, society, colonialism, ideology.