This article reviews the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of the Abducens Nerve Congenital Anomaly. The Abducens Nerve is one of the cranial nerves that provides external eye movement, and its congenital anomaly is manifested by symptoms such as limited external eye movement, double vision (diplopia), and strabismus. The development of congenital anomalies can be caused by genetic factors, fetal developmental disorders, and heredity. Ophthalmological examination, neurosonography, MRI, and electrophysiological studies are used to diagnose the anomaly. Treatment methods include conservative therapy, optical devices, therapeutic exercises, and surgical interventions. In complex cases, muscle repositioning surgery and neurosurgical interventions are used. Among the sources used in the article, scientific articles, textbooks and manuals on congenital paralysis of the Nervus Abducens and its causes, clinical manifestations and treatment methods were analyzed. This work provides practical recommendations for doctors and neurologists dealing with eye movement diseases and helps to identify early diagnosis of the disease and effective treatment methods.