This record contains data related to article "Uncertainty Analysis of Surface Downward Longwave Radiation Models Based on Cloud Base Temperature". It includes an extensive analysis of five parameterized models using two simulated datasets, and a ground-based remote sensing data. The simulated datasets were generated using the Moderate Resolution Transmittance (MODTRAN) model, using MODTRAN default atmospheric profiles and the Cloudless Land Atmosphere Radiosounding profiles, respectively. The ground-based remote sensing data are collected from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) network, and processed by the five parameterized models. If you use this dataset, please cite it as: 1. Yu, S., Xin, X., Zhang, H., Li, L., Liu, Q., & Xiong, Y. (2025). Uncertainty Analysis of Surface Downward Longwave Radiation Models Based on Cloud Base Temperature [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15124396 2. Yu, S.S., Xin, X.Z., Zhang, H.L., Li, L., Liu, Q.H., & Xiong, Y. (2025). Uncertainty Analysis of Surface Downward Longwave Radiation Models Based on Cloud Base Temperature. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 130, e2024JD042554. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042554