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ZENODO
Other literature type . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Beyond White-Nose Syndrome: A Multi-Scale Genomic Analysis of Pseudogymnoascus destructans

Authors: Anonymous submitter;

Beyond White-Nose Syndrome: A Multi-Scale Genomic Analysis of Pseudogymnoascus destructans

Abstract

Abstract White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) has devastated insectivorous bat populations, particularly in North America, leading to severe ecological and economic consequences. Despite extensive research, many aspects of the evolutionary history, mitochondrial genome organization, and metabolic adaptations of its etiological agent, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, remain unexplored. Here, we present a multi-scale genomic analysis integrating pangenome reconstruction, phylogenetic inference, Bayesian divergence dating, comparative mitochondrial genomics, and refined functional annotation. We show that P. destructans exhibits extensive mitochondrial genome rearrangements absent in its nonpathogenic relatives from the Leotiomycetesclass, suggesting a potential link between mitochondrial evolution and pathogenic adaptation. Our divergence dating analysis reveals that P. destructans separated from its Antarctic relatives approximately 141 million years ago, before adapting to bat hibernacula in the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, our refined functional annotation significantly expands the known functional landscape of P. destructans, revealing an extensive repertoire of previously uncharacterized proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis – key processes that likely contribute to its pathogenic success. By providing new insights into the genomic basis of P. destructans adaptation and pathogenicity, our study refines the evolutionary framework of this fungal pathogen and creates the foundation for future research on WNS mitigation strategies. 01_PanPhylo_analysis/ This directory contains all the files generated and analysed during the pangenome and phylogenomic analyses: pangenome — data from pangenome analysis: data — directory with the list of accession numbers of mitochondrial genomes to be analysed Annotation — pre-annotated mithocondrial genomes from RefSeq database: Genes — directory with .fasta files of nucleotide sequences Proteins_classic — directory with .fasta files of amino-acid sequences Proteins — .fasta files with renamed aa seqs LSINFO-.lst — list file for input in PanACoTA fLSTINFO-.lst — filtered list file for extracting the shell pangenome Pangenome — PanACoTA's build pangenome with strict protein identity parameter (i = 0.9) Coregenome — extracted shell genome (proteins persistent in 2/3 of analysed genomes) Alignment — PanACoTA's align (MAFFT) module output to extract the sequences of shell genome ... — a lot of log files MSAs — renamed MSAs to understand which gene family means what trimmed_MSAs — trimAl's trimmed MSAs model-finder — ModelFinder log files on all the trimmed MSAs tree — final phylogenies constructed using the best substitution model on all the trimmed MSAs phylogenomics — data from phylogenomics analysis: Proteins_renamed; Proteins_renamed_r2; Proteins_renamed_r3 — directories with .fasta files of amino-acid sequences with several rounds of renaming process to make them fit Proteinortho input requirements protein_ortho_output — directory with all the output files of Proteinortho All; All_names — directories with technical data used to extract SCOs all_pep.fa — .fasta file with all the mitochondrial proteomes combined used to extract SCOs All_seqs; All_seqs_renamed — directories with .fasta files of SCOs MSAs — renamed MSAs to understand which gene family means what trimmed_MSAs — trimAl's trimmed MSAs model-finder — ModelFinder log files on concatenated trimmed MSAs tree — final phylogenies constructed using the best substitution model on concatenated trimmed MSAs metadata — directory with the GenBank's metadata on analysed mitochodrial genomes fetched with Phyloki: raw_metadata.tsv — Phyloki's first results metadata.tsv — data with filtered Year column 02_Comparative_genomics/ This directory contains all the files generated and analysed during the comparative genomic analysis: data — directory with analysed genomes both in .fasta and .gb formats ANI — all the Average Nucleotide Identity analysis data: querylist.txt; reflist.txt — FastANI's inputs fastani.out; fastani.out.matrix — FastANI's outputs ANI.csv — data from the ANI heatmap 03_Dating/ This directory contains all the files generated and analysed during the Bayesian evolutionary analysis: data — directory with all the data generated by analysis: dating_super_tree.xml — BEAUti's generated BEAST file dating_super_tree.trees; dating_super_tree.ops; dating_super_tree.log — BEAST outputs dating_super_tree.tree — TreeAnnotator's annotated tree dating_super_tree_ready.tree — tree ready for visualization screenshots — screenshots of GUIs applications parameters set prior to running the analysis 04_Functional_annotation/ This directory contains all the files generated and analysed during the functional annotation analysis: data — directory with the initial files to be analysed: characterized.fasta — all the sequences available in RefSeq database by '"Pseudogymnoascus destructans" AND Fungi NOT "uncharacterized" AND srcdb_refseq[PROP]' query uncharacterized.fasta — all the sequences available in RefSeq database by '"Pseudogymnoascus destructans" AND Fungi AND "uncharacterized" AND srcdb_refseq[PROP]' query complete.fasta — merged .fasta file (characterized + uncharacterized) eggNOG — eggNOG-mapper annotations on all three profiles: characterized — annotations on characterized.fasta file characterized.emapper.annotations — main eggNOG-mapper's annotation file clean_characterized.emapper.annotations — eggNOG-mapper annotation file with removed duplicated characterized.emapper.seed_orthologs; characterized.emapper.genepred.fasta; characterized.emapper.genepred.gff; characterized.emapper.hits — other eggNOG-mapper annotation files characterized_cog_category_counts.tsv — count file with COG categories characterized_cog_category_counts_clean.tsv — processed count file with COG categories where multi-letter COG categories are treated like single-letter categories based on the 1st letter (e.g. KTN -> K) uncharacterized — annotations on uncharacterized.fasta file: Same as characterized complete — annotations on complete.fasta file: Same as characterized KEGGaNOG_data — data generated from running KEGGaNOG on characterized.emapper.annotations; uncharacterized.emapper.annotations & complete.emapper.annotations (this data was generated just for fun, it is not mentioned in the paper and the description will not be provided)

Keywords

Evolution, Phylogenomics, Molecular evolution, Pangenome Analysis, Computational Biology, Comparative Genomics, Functional Annotation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green