This dataset is the precipitation and population change trend and correlation analysis data of China from 2001 to 2020, including the division of arid and humid areas by precipitation data from 2001 to 2023, two dry and wet division methods, and the east and west areas of the Hu Huanyong Line. China's elevation is divided into four categories of altitude at 1000 meters, 2000 meters, and 3000 meters. Most of the data is processed by QGIS, and the other part is implemented by python code. Origin 2024 is used to carry out trend analysis and correlation analysis, and the table data is stored in excel and csv formats. The schematic diagram is in eps format.