This systematic review explores recent advancements and ongoing challenges in deep brain stimulation (DBS) technology, synthesized using the Synthory.AI service. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 13 articles were selected from PubMed and PubMed Central™, focusing on technological innovations, underlying mechanisms, and existing challenges in DBS. Key findings highlight improvements in localization accuracy and stimulation efficacy, with notable advancements such as 7 T-ML for precise subthalamic nucleus targeting and algorithm-guided programming enhancing motor function outcomes. Despite these advancements, challenges like energy efficiency variability, battery longevity, and potential cognitive side effects persist. The review underscores the necessity for further research, particularly in long-term efficacy and psychiatric impact, recommending larger studies and refined methodologies to optimize DBS therapeutic strategies for diverse neurological and psychiatric conditions.