The daily numbers of reported ILI cases reported from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2023 were obtained from the National Influenza Center of China (CNIC). The dataset includes ILI surveillance data from 18 sentinel hospitals across nine cities in Fujian Province (Fuzhou, Longyan, Nanping, Ningde, Putian, Quanzhou, Sanming, Xiamen, and Zhangzhou), with 2 hospitals in each city. The surveillance content covers both epidemiological and etiological monitoring, with long–term continuous monitoring of ILI cases in outpatient and emergency departments, as well as the dynamic changes in the percentage of ILI cases among outpatient visits at sentinel hospitals.We also collected meteorological and air pollutants data from the nine cities of Fujian Province for the period from January from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2023. Air pollutants data was obtained from the China Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform (https://www.aqistudy.cn/historydata/), which includes daily average concentrations of AQI, PM2.5 (μg/m³), PM10 (μg/m³), SO₂ (μg/m³), NO₂ (μg/m³), and O₃ (μg/m³). Meteorological data was sourced from the China Meteorological Data Service Center (http://data.cma.cn/), including daily average temperature (°C), wind speed (m/s), and daily accumulated rainfall (mm).