The data provided belongs to a living systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the mediating effects of myokines on exercise-induced cognitive changes in older adults. The literature was screened (last screen 1st of November 2024) for articles on: P: Human participants aged 50 years and older, with a study sample mean age of 60 years or above I: Acute or chronic voluntary exercise interventions C: Compared to a non-exercise, non-therapeutic and non-active control condition O: Where pre-to-post changes in both myokine levels and cognitive performance were reported for control and exercise groups S: Restricted to randomized-controlled trials It was investigated whether the exercise-induced changes in cognitive performance are mediated by myokine level changes, using Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling (MASEM). Being part of a living (ongoing) review process, new data will continuously be added as new evidence becomes available. Literature screening is planned every 6 months for a total of 5 years after publication of the article. Provided are: The datafile used for statistical analysis The R code, specific functions, and output of the statistical analysis A list with included articles Csv files with all retrieved articles after removing duplications, but before title-abstract screening