This dataset contains four files with the experimental results obtained for the paper "Assessment of the biological methane potential of different food residues from a market in Ghana for local residues valorization and biogas production". The file bmp_data.csv includes the data collected using the AMPTS-II system, which was used for BMP analysis. The file cells_data.csv contains the current and operating potential data from the two bioelectrochemical cells used. The remaining three files correspond to the data collected during the operation of a laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion reactor.