Efficient debugging and monitoring are crucial for maintaining enterprise applications. Log4j and SLF4J are widely adopted logging frameworks in Java-based applications that enhance logging capabilities and facilitate debugging. This paper explores advanced logging techniques using these frameworks, addressing key issues such as log management, performance optimization, and security considerations. The study highlights structured logging, asynchronous logging, and best practices for effective debugging in large-scale enterprise environments. Additionally, we discuss logging strategies for microservices, best practices for log retention, and integration with observability tools. The impact of these techniques on system maintainability and performance is also discussed in depth.