The data is a gridded dataset of global exposure (population, gross domestic product and net fixed asset value) at multiple spatial scales, spanning years 1850 to 2100 at annual resolution, including five future trajectories consistent with the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). Due to large file sizes of the high-resolutino data, only a selection of resolutions and timesteps is provided in this repository: a spatial resolution of 30 arc seconds (approximately 0.93 km at the equator) and at 30 arc min (approximately 56km at the equator). The Python code and input data provided alongside the dataset enable users to generate different resolutions and timesteps as required by their research needs. See the description in documentation/ folder and the readme file in the code/ folder. Note: the input data is divided into multiple zip files. They all need to be downloaded and unzipped together. In addition to the files here, running the model requires the following external datasets: selected Global Human Settlement Layer files (population and build-up surface at 30” resolution, 1975-2030, Total RES+NRES, WGS84 coordination system) from https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/download.php HYDE 3.2 population count (‘popc’, decennial 1850 AD-1980 AD) in the ‘baseline’ scenario, https://geo.public.data.uu.nl/vault-hyde/HYDE%203.2%5B1710494848%5D/original/ gridded population from WorldPop (https://hub.worldpop.org/geodata/listing?id=137) and projections from FuturePop (https://hub.worldpop.org/doi/10.5258/SOTON/WP00849) The dataset an update of Deliverable 3.1 of the European Union’s HORIZON project COMPASS (https://compass-climate.eu/) A subset of this dataset, covering only population density, is one of 12 climate forcings in CMIP7 (https://input4mips-cvs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dataset-overviews/population/).