Abstract The role of Turkic languages in the enrichment of the lexicon of Slavic languages is great. There are thousands of words of Turkish origin in Russian. The root words created by Turkish words form the definite part of the lexical fund of the Russian language. The components of these root word slots are subject to the grammatical, semantic and functional laws of the Russian language and enrich it. These words were not only developed independently in the Russian language, but also created their own root word slots and phraseological units. The components included in the root word slots created by morphemes of Turkish origin are widespread in the toponyms, hydronyms and anthroponyms of the Russian language. Some archaic semantic shades of the Turkish origin words are still preserved in Russian toponyms. This article deals with the Turkish origin onomastic units, which are widely used in Russian, and their semantic functional features.